有关likely和unlikely

最新推荐文章于 2019-06-27 12:23:27 发布

linuxcode_turing

最新推荐文章于 2019-06-27 12:23:27 发布

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文章标签： windows linux access unix compiler struct

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/linuxcode_turing/article/details/5302510

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原文： http://hi.baidu.com/zjlinus/blog/item/b0f831dd13ac50375882ddac.html

在 linux 中判断语句经常会看到 likely 和 unlikely ，例如：

if(likely(value)){

}

else{

}

简单从表面上看 if(likely(value)) == if(value) ， if(unlikely(value)) == if(value) 。也就是 likely 和 unlikely 是一样的，但是实际上执行是不同的，加 likely 的意识是 value 的值为真的可能性更大一些，那么执行 if 的机会大，而 unlikely 表示 value 的值为假的可能性大一些，执行 else 机会大一些。加上这种修饰，编译成二进制代码时 likely 使得 if 后面的执行语句紧跟着前面的程序， unlikely 使得 else 后面的语句紧跟着前面的程序，这样就会被 cache 预读取，增加程序的执行速度， likely 和 unlikely 的实现在

include/linux/compiler.h 中：

      9 #if __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 96
     10 #define __builtin_expect(x, expected_value) (x)
     11 #endif
     12
     13 #define likely(x)   __builtin_expect((x),1)
     14 #define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect((x),0)

__builtin_expect 是 gcc 的一个预处理命令，其解释如下：

long __builtin_expect (long exp, long c)
You may use __builtin_expect to provide the compiler with branch prediction information. In general, you should prefer to use actual profile feedback for this

(‘-fprofile-arcs’), as programmers are notoriously bad at predicting how theirprograms actually perform. However, there are applications in which this data is hard to collect.
The return value is the value of exp, which should be an integral expression. The value of c must be a compile-time constant. The semantics of the built-in are that it is expected that exp == c. For example:
if (__builtin_expect (x, 0))
foo ();
would indicate that we do not expect to call foo, since we expect x to be zero. Since you are limited to integral expressions for exp, you should use constructions such as
if (__builtin_expect (ptr != NULL, 1))
error ();
when testing pointer or floating-point values.

linux 的页表为什么没有实现自映射

int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,

unsigned long address, int write_access)

{

pgd_t *pgd;

pud_t *pud;

pmd_t *pmd;

pte_t *pte;

__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);

count_vm_event(PGFAULT);

if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)))

return hugetlb_fault(mm, vma, address, write_access);

pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);

pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address);

if (!pud)

return VM_FAULT_OOM;

pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address);

if (!pmd)

return VM_FAULT_OOM;

pte = pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, address);// 此处即分配页表

if (!pte)

return VM_FAULT_OOM;

return handle_pte_fault(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, write_access);

}

#define pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, address) /

((unlikely(!pmd_present(*(pmd))) && __pte_alloc(mm, pmd, address))? /

NULL: pte_offset_map(pmd, address))

分配页表的策略是alloc_pages (GFP_KERNEL |__GFP_HIGHMEM |__GFP_REPEAT |__GFP_ZERO , 0 ）好家伙，这么猛，你能保证这分配的页面和前一个页面是连续的吗？你不能，我也不能，甚至linus 也不能

linuxcode_turing

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有关likely和unlikely

原文：http://hi.baidu.com/zjlinus/blog/item/b0f831dd13ac50375882ddac.html在linux中判断语句经常会看到likely和unlikely，例如：if(likely(value)){}else{}简单从表面上看if(likely(val
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