AsyncTask在英语中的意思是异步任务,是Android给我们提供的一个处理异步任务的类.通过此类,可以实现UI线程和后台线程进行通讯,后台线程执行异步任务,并把结果返回给UI线程.
异步任务的优点
1、Android中的UI线程可以稳定、准确的更新UI
2、防止UI线程因为一些耗时操作而堵塞,类似于网路等,之后就会抛出ANR异常。
3、保持Android的单线程的模型
AsyncTask为我们做了什么?
1、子线程中更新UI
2、封装、简化异步操作
构建AsyncTask的构建
1、AsyncTask<Params,Progress,Result>是一个抽象类,用于继承,需要指定3个参数
a) Params :启动任务输入的类型参数
b) Progress: 后台任务执行中返回进度值的类型
c) Result: 后台结束任务时返回的结果集的一个类型
2、AsyncTask子类的回调方法
a) doInBackground :必须重写,异步加载的线程任务都在此处完成
b) onPreExecute:执行耗时任务之前被调用,一般完成一些初始化的工作
c) onPosetExecute:完成doInBackground 后会自动调用本函数,并将doInBackground返回值传递该方法。
d) onProgressUpdate:在doInBackground 中加入publishProgress方法就可以更行执行进度
下面就让我们一起看一下一个基本的AsynTask类的程序与每个函数的调用顺序
package com.linus.atastk;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Void> {
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
Log.d("zzw","doInBackground");
publishProgress();
//耗时操作
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void aVoid) {
super.onPostExecute(aVoid);
Log.d("zzw","onPostExecute");
//返回值
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
Log.d("zzw", "onPreExecute");
//准备
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
Log.d("zzw", "onProgressUpdate");
//跟新数值
}
}
下图是显示了每一函数的调用顺序
接下来就为大家展示一个显示网络图片、跟新进度框的事例
layout布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center">
<ProgressBar
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/progressBar2"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/image1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/progressBar"
android:visibility="gone"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</RelativeLayout>
ImageTest
package com.linus.atastk;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageTest extends Activity {
private ImageView mImageView;
private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
private static String URL ="http://img47.nipic.com/20130806/7411759_203320198124_1.jpg";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image1);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
//传递进去的参数
new MyAsycTask().execute(URL);
}
class MyAsycTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void, Bitmap>{
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
Log.d("zzw", "onPreExecute");
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
super.onPostExecute(bitmap);
mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
}
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
Log.d("zzw", "doInBackground");
//获取URL
String url = params[0];
Bitmap bitmap = null;
URLConnection connection;
InputStream is;
try {
connection = new URL(url).openConnection();
is = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
Thread.sleep(3000);
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(bis);
is.close();
bis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bitmap;
}
}
}
Mainacitvity
package com.linus.atastk;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.newa);
MyAsyncTask task = new MyAsyncTask();
task.execute();
}
public void loadImage(View view){
startActivity(new Intent(this, ImageTest.class));
}
public void loadprogessBar(View view){
startActivity(new Intent(this,ProgressBarTest.class));
}
}
ProgressBarTest
package com.linus.atastk;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
public class ProgressBarTest extends Activity {
private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
private MyAyncTask mTask;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.progress);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar2);
mTask =new MyAyncTask();
mTask.execute();
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
if(mTask!=null && mTask.getStatus() == AsyncTask.Status.RUNNING){
mTask.cancel(true);
}
}
class MyAyncTask extends AsyncTask<String ,Integer ,Void> {
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(String... params) {
for(int i= 0;i<100;i++){
if(isCancelled()){
break;
}
publishProgress(i);
Log.d("zzw1",i+"");
try {
Thread.sleep(300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
if(isCancelled()){
return;
}
mProgressBar.setProgress(values[0]);
}
}
}
最后在manifests配置文件中添加联网全选就可以了(<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>)
以上是AsyncTask的基本用法,但是AsyncTask 有很多问题下一篇将继续讨论,希望可以帮助大家!