leetcode 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)

380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)

Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

1. insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
2. remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
3. getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

Example:

// Init an empty set.
RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();

// Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
randomSet.insert(1);

// Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
randomSet.remove(2);

// Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
randomSet.insert(2);

// getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
randomSet.getRandom();

// Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
randomSet.remove(1);

// 2 was already in the set, so return false.
randomSet.insert(2);

// Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.
randomSet.getRandom();

1、随机选择 用的是 水塘抽样原理。

class RandomizedSet {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    RandomizedSet() {
        
    }
    
    /** Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element. */
    bool insert(int val) 
    {
        if (st.find(val) != st.end()) return false;
        st.insert(val);
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element. */
    bool remove(int val) 
    {
        if (st.find(val) == st.end()) return false;
        st.erase(val);
        return true;
    }
    
    /** Get a random element from the set. */
    int getRandom() 
    {
        auto it = st.begin();
        int ret = *it;
        it ++;
        int n = 1;
        for ( ; it != st.end(); it++)
        {
        	n++;
        	if (rand() % n < 1)
        		ret = *it;
        }
        return ret;
    }
private:
    set<int> st;
};

/**
 * Your RandomizedSet object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * RandomizedSet obj = new RandomizedSet();
 * bool param_1 = obj.insert(val);
 * bool param_2 = obj.remove(val);
 * int param_3 = obj.getRandom();
 */