Android系统之Binder源代码解析

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 06:50:09 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 06:50:09 发布
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分类专栏： Android 文章标签： android
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/litao55555/article/details/119711974
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1. ServiceManager的启动流程

system\core\roodir\init.rc：
service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager		//可知孵化器的目录为servicemanager
    class core
    user system
    group system
    critical
    onrestart restart healthd
    onrestart restart zygote
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart surfaceflinger
    onrestart restart drm

frameworks\native\cmds\servicemanager：
在此目录下有：service_manager.c、binder.c
frameworks\native\cmds\servicemanager\Service_manager.c：
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct binder_state *bs
    bs = binder_open(128*1024);			//1. 打开Binder驱动，建立128K = 128*1024内存映射
    if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) {		//2. 设置自己（ServiceManager）为Binder的大管家
        ALOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }
    ...
    svcmgr_handle = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;
    binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);			//3. 开启for循环，充当Server的角色，等待Client连接
    return 0;
}
分析binder_state：
struct binder_state
{
    int fd;		//表示打开的/dev/binder文件句柄
    void *mapped;		//把设备文件/dev/binder映射到进程空间的起始地址
    size_t mapsize;		//内存映射空间的大小
};
分析BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER：
#define BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER  0U		//表示Service Manager的句柄为0

1.1 分析binder_open(128*1024)

frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/Binder.c：
struct binder_state *binder_open(size_t mapsize)
{
    struct binder_state *bs;
    struct binder_version vers;
    bs = malloc(sizeof(*bs));
    if (!bs) {
        errno = ENOMEM;
        return NULL;
    }
    bs->fd = open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR);//调用Binder驱动注册的file_operation结构体的open、ioctl、mmap函数
    if (bs->fd < 0) {													//a. binder_state.fd保存打开的/dev/binder文件句柄
        goto fail_open;
    }
    if ((ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers) == -1) ||
        (vers.protocol_version != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION)) {
        goto fail_open;
    }
    bs->mapsize = mapsize;												//b. binder_state.mapsize保存内存映射空间的大小128K = 128*1024
    bs->mapped = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, bs->fd, 0);//c. binder_state.mapped保存设备文件/dev/binder映射到进程空间的起始地址
    if (bs->mapped == MAP_FAILED) {
        fprintf(stderr,"binder: cannot map device (%s)\n",
        strerror(errno));
        goto fail_map;
    }
    return bs;
fail_map:
    close(bs->fd);
fail_open:
    free(bs);
    return NULL;
}

执行open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR);时从用户态进入内核态，因此会执行：
drivers/staging/android/binder.c
static int binder_open(struct inode *nodp, struct file *filp)
{
	struct binder_proc *proc;
	proc = kzalloc(sizeof(*proc), GFP_KERNEL);		//a. 创建Service_manager进程对应的binder_proc，保存Service_manager进程的信息
	if (proc == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	get_task_struct(current);
	proc->tsk = current;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->todo);
	init_waitqueue_head(&proc->wait);
	proc->default_priority = task_nice(current);
	binder_lock(__func__);
	binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_PROC);
	hlist_add_head(&proc->proc_node, &binder_procs);		//binder_procs是一个全局变量，hlist_add_head是将proc->proc_node（proc->proc_node是一个hlist_node链表）加入binder_procs的list中
	proc->pid = current->group_leader->pid;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&proc->delivered_death);
	filp->private_data = proc;			//将binder_proc保存在打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中
	binder_unlock(__func__);
	return 0;
}

打开binder驱动：binder_open创建一个servicemanager进程对应的binder_proc结构体，并保存到binder_procs链表的头部

1.2 分析binder_become_context_manager(bs)

frameworks\native\cmds\servicemanager\Binder.c：
int binder_become_context_manager(struct binder_state *bs)
{
    return ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR, 0);			//传入参数BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR
}

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)		//cmd = BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR
{
	int ret;
	struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;		//获得binder_proc，binder_proc对应Service_manager进程 --- 从打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中获取binder_proc
	struct binder_thread *thread;
	unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
	void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
	ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	binder_lock(__func__);
	thread = binder_get_thread(proc);		//获得Service_manager线程的信息binder_thread
	if (thread == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto err;
	}
	switch (cmd) {
		...
		case BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR:
			if (binder_context_mgr_node != NULL) {		//由binder_context_mgr_node = binder_new_node(proc, NULL, NULL);可知：binder_context_mgr_node为ServiceManager对应的binder_node
				...
			}
			ret = security_binder_set_context_mgr(proc->tsk);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto err;
			if (binder_context_mgr_uid != -1) {				//binder_context_mgr_uid表示ServiceManager进程的uid
				if (binder_context_mgr_uid != current->cred->euid) {
					...
				}
			} else {
				binder_context_mgr_uid = current->cred->euid;
				binder_context_mgr_node = binder_new_node(proc, NULL, NULL);		//binder_context_mgr_node为ServiceManager对应的binder_node，且binder_node.proc对应Service_manager进程
				binder_context_mgr_node->local_weak_refs++;
				binder_context_mgr_node->local_strong_refs++;
				binder_context_mgr_node->has_strong_ref = 1;
				binder_context_mgr_node->has_weak_ref = 1;
			}
			break;
	}
	ret = 0;
	...
	return ret;
}

设置自己为binder驱动大管家：创建一个binder_node — binder_context_mgr_node，binder_node.proc对应Service_manager进程对应的binder_proc结构体
之所以称之为binder驱动大管家，是因为创建的binder_context_mgr_node是一个全局变量

1.3 分析binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler)

frameworks\native\cmds\servicemanager\Binder.c：
void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)		//开启for循环，充当Server的角色，等待Client连接
{
    int res;
    struct binder_write_read bwr;
    uint32_t readbuf[32];
    bwr.write_size = 0;
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;
    bwr.write_buffer = 0;
    readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;	//readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
    binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t));
    for (;;) {
        bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
        bwr.read_consumed = 0;
        bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;		   //bwr.read_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
        res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);  //bs->fd记录/dev/binder文件句柄，因此调用binder驱动的ioctl函数，传入参数BINDER_WRITE_READ，bwr.read_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER，bwr.write_buffer = 0
        ...
        res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
    }
}

int binder_write(struct binder_state *bs, void *data, size_t len)
{
    struct binder_write_read bwr;
    int res;
    bwr.write_size = len;
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;
    bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t) data;		//bwr.write_buffer = data = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
    bwr.read_size = 0;
    bwr.read_consumed = 0;
    bwr.read_buffer = 0;
    res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
    return res;
}

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)		//cmd = BINDER_WRITE_READ，bwr.read_size = 0，bwr.write_size = len
{
	int ret;
	struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;		//获得Service_manager进程的binder_proc，从打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中获取binder_proc
	struct binder_thread *thread;
	unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
	void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
	ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	binder_lock(__func__);
	thread = binder_get_thread(proc);		//获得proc对应进程(Service_manager进程)下的所有线程中和当前线程pid相等的binder_thread
	if (thread == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto err;
	}
	switch (cmd) {
	...
	case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
		struct binder_write_read bwr;
		if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}
		if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {		//把用户传递进来的参数转换成binder_write_read结构体，并保存在本地变量bwr中，bwr.write_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
			ret = -EFAULT;																																																							bwr.read_buffer  = 0
			goto err;
		}
		if (bwr.write_size > 0) {		//bwr.write_size = len
			ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.write_buffer, bwr.write_size, &bwr.write_consumed);		//bwr.write_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER，bwr.write_consumed = 0
			if (ret < 0) {
				bwr.read_consumed = 0;
				if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
					ret = -EFAULT;
				goto err;
			}
		}
		if (bwr.read_size > 0) {		//bwr.read_size = 0
			...
		}
		if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {		//将bwr返回到用户空间
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		break;
	}
	ret = 0;
	...
	return ret;
}

使用copy_from_user获取用户态的binder_write_read，并调用binder_thread_read和binder_thread_write处理请求，最终通过copy_to_user将结果binder_write_read返回给用户态

int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,			//参数binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_write_read
			void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)     //buffer = bwr.write_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
{
	uint32_t cmd;
	void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
	void __user *end = buffer + size;
	while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
		if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))					//cmd = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
			return -EFAULT;
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
		if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
			binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
			proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
			thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
		}
		switch (cmd) {		//cmd = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
		case BC_ENTER_LOOPER:
			...
			thread->looper |= BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED;		//binder_thread.looper值变为BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED，表明当前线程ServiceManager已经进入循环状态
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

ServiceManager充当Server等待Client请求：调用binder_thread_write将binder_thread.looper赋值为BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED

ServiceManager 启动流程总结：
a. 打开Binder驱动，建立128K = 128*1024内存映射
b. 设置自己（ServiceManager）为Binder的大管家
c. 开启for循环，充当Server的角色，等待Client连接

2. ServiceManager 注册服务

ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm);		//向ServiceManager注册WMS，wm为WindowManagerService，WindowManagerService继承
等价：ServiceManager.addService("window", new WindowManagerService(...));

以注册WMS为例分析注册服务的过程

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManager.java：
public static void addService(String name, IBinder service) {
	try {
	    getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, false);
	} catch (RemoteException e) {
	    Log.e(TAG, "error in addService", e);
	}
}

2.1 分析getIServiceManager()

private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
    if (sServiceManager != null) {
        return sServiceManager;
    }
    // Find the service manager
    sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());		//获得ServiceManager的代理
    return sServiceManager;
}

a. 分析BinderInternal.getContextObject()：

frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderInternal.java:
public static final native IBinder getContextObject();

frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp：
{ "getContextObject", "()Landroid/os/IBinder;", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject },

static jobject android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    sp<IBinder> b = ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL);		//返回new BpBinder(0);
    return javaObjectForIBinder(env, b);				//把这个BpBinder对象转换成一个BinderProxy对象
}

a.1 分析sp<IBinder> b = ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL);
sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getContextObject(const sp<IBinder>& /*caller*/)
{
    return getStrongProxyForHandle(0);
}

sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getStrongProxyForHandle(int32_t handle)		//handle = 0
{
    sp<IBinder> result;
    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
    handle_entry* e = lookupHandleLocked(handle);
    if (e != NULL) {
        IBinder* b = e->binder;
        if (b == NULL || !e->refs->attemptIncWeak(this)) {
            if (handle == 0) {
                Parcel data;
                status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
                        0, IBinder::PING_TRANSACTION, data, NULL, 0);
                if (status == DEAD_OBJECT)
                   return NULL;
            }
            b = new BpBinder(handle); 	//b = new BpBinder(0);，最终直接返回b
            e->binder = b;
            if (b) e->refs = b->getWeakRefs();
            result = b;
        } else {
            result.force_set(b);
            e->refs->decWeak(this);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

a.2 分析return javaObjectForIBinder(env, b);				//b = new BpBinder(0);
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp：
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
    jobject object = env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor);		//创建BinderProxy对象
    if (object != NULL) {
        env->SetLongField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (jlong)val.get());		//把BpBinder对象和BinderProxy对象关联起来；BinderProxy.mObject成员记录了new BpBinder(0)对象的地址
        val->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
				...
	    }
    return object;
}

BinderInternal.getContextObject()相当于new BinderProxy()，且BinderProxy.mObject成员记录了new BpBinder(0)对象的地址
b. 分析ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(…)
等价于：ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(new BinderProxy())

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManagerNative.java：
static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)		//obj = new BinderProxy()，且BinderProxy.mObject成员记录了new BpBinder(0)对象的地址
{
    if (obj == null) {
        return null;
    }
    IServiceManager in = (IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
    if (in != null) {
        return in;
    }   
    return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);		//返回ServiceManagerProxy，其中ServiceManagerProxy.mRemote = new BinderProxy()
}

class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
    public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
        mRemote = remote;
    }
}

getIServiceManager()：返回ServiceManagerProxy，其中ServiceManagerProxy.mRemote = new BinderProxy()，且BinderProxy.mObject成员记录了new BpBinder(0)对象的地址

2.2 分析getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, false);

等价于：ServiceManagerProxy.addService(“window”, new WindowManagerService(…), false)

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManagerNative.java：
class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
	public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)		//name = "window"，service = new WindowManagerService(...)
	        throws RemoteException {
	    Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();		//创建一个Parcel
	    Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
	    /*向Parcel中写入需要传输的数据*/
	    data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
	    data.writeString(name);						//name = "window"，向Parcel中写入服务名"window"
	    data.writeStrongBinder(service);			//service = new WindowManagerService(...)，向Parcel中写入服务的本地对象new WindowManagerService(...)
	    data.writeInt(allowIsolated ? 1 : 0);
	    mRemote.transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);		//mRemote = new BinderProxy()，且BinderProxy.mObject成员记录了new BpBinder(0)对象的地址
	    reply.recycle();
	    data.recycle();
	}
}

a. 创建Binder进程通信的数据载体Parcel

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Parcel.java：
public static Parcel obtain() {
    ...
    return new Parcel(0);
}

a.1 分析data.writeString("window");		//向Parcel的地址mData + mDataPos写入服务名"window"
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Parcel.java：
public final void writeString(String val) {
    nativeWriteString(mNativePtr, val);
}
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_Parcel.cpp：
{"nativeWriteString",         "(JLjava/lang/String;)V", (void*)android_os_Parcel_writeString},
static void android_os_Parcel_writeString(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong nativePtr, jstring val)
{
    Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
    if (parcel != NULL) {
    		...
        err = parcel->writeString16(str, env->GetStringLength(val));
    }
}
frameworks/native/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp：
status_t Parcel::writeString16(const String16& str)
{
    return writeString16(str.string(), str.size());
}
status_t Parcel::writeString16(const char16_t* str, size_t len)
{
    status_t err = writeInt32(len);		//写入数据长度
    if (err == NO_ERROR) {
        len *= sizeof(char16_t);
        uint8_t* data = (uint8_t*)writeInplace(len+sizeof(char16_t));		//计算复制数据的目标地址 = mData + mDataPos
        if (data) {
            memcpy(data, str, len);	//复制数据到目标地址
            *reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(data+len) = 0;
            return NO_ERROR;
        }
        err = mError;
    }
    return err;
}
status_t Parcel::writeInt32(int32_t val)
{
    return writeAligned(val);
}
void* Parcel::writeInplace(size_t len)
{
		...
    uint8_t* const data = mData+mDataPos;		//复制数据的目标地址 = mData+mDataPos
    return data;
}
static void memcpy(void* dst, void* src, size_t size) {
    char* dst_c = (char*) dst, *src_c = (char*) src;
    for (; size > 0; size--) {
        *dst_c++ = *src_c++;
    }
}
分析data.writeString("window");可知：data.mData保存着"window"

a.2 分析data.writeStrongBinder(new WindowManagerService(...));	//向Parcel中写入服务的本地对象new WindowManagerService(...)

```cpp
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Parcel.java：
public final void writeStrongBinder(IBinder val) {
    nativeWriteStrongBinder(mNativePtr, val);				//val = new WindowManagerService(...)
}
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_Parcel.cpp：
{"nativeWriteStrongBinder",   "(JLandroid/os/IBinder;)V", (void*)android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder},

static void android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong nativePtr, jobject object)
{
    Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
    if (parcel != NULL) {
        const status_t err = parcel->writeStrongBinder(ibinderForJavaObject(env, object));		//object = new WindowManagerService(...)
        if (err != NO_ERROR) {
            signalExceptionForError(env, clazz, err);
        }
    }
}
frameworks/native/libs/binder/Parcel.cpp：
status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinder(const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
    return flatten_binder(ProcessState::self(), val, this);		//val = new WindowManagerService(...)
}
status_t flatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& /*proc*/,
    const sp<IBinder>& binder, Parcel* out)										//binder = new WindowManagerService(...)，out = data
{
    flat_binder_object obj;
    obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
    if (binder != NULL) {
        IBinder *local = binder->localBinder();				//返回BBinder		//localBinder和remoteBinder是虚函数，服务端BBinder实现了localBinder, 客户端BpBinder实现了remoteBinder
        if (!local) {
            BpBinder *proxy = binder->remoteBinder();		//返回BpBinder
            if (proxy == NULL) {
                ALOGE("null proxy");
            }
            const int32_t handle = proxy ? proxy->handle() : 0;
            ...
        } else {
        	/*构造flat_binder_object*/
            obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;									//flat_binder_object.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER
            obj.binder = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(local->getWeakRefs());	//reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>为类型的强制转换
            obj.cookie = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(local);				//flat_binder_object.cookie = BBinder，其中BBinder对应着new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
        }
    } else {
        ...
    }
    return finish_flatten_binder(binder, obj, out);
}
inline static status_t finish_flatten_binder(
    const sp<IBinder>& /*binder*/, const flat_binder_object& flat, Parcel* out)		//flat = flat_binder_object， out = Parcel
{
    return out->writeObject(flat, false);		//向Parcel中写入flat_binder_object，其中flat_binder_object.cookie保存着new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
}
status_t Parcel::writeObject(const flat_binder_object& val, bool nullMetaData)	//val = flat_binder_object，其中flat_binder_object.cookie保存着new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
{
    const bool enoughData = (mDataPos+sizeof(val)) <= mDataCapacity;
    const bool enoughObjects = mObjectsSize < mObjectsCapacity;
    if (enoughData && enoughObjects) {
        *reinterpret_cast<flat_binder_object*>(mData+mDataPos) = val;
        if (nullMetaData || val.binder != 0) {
            mObjects[mObjectsSize] = mDataPos;		//Parcel.mObjects保存new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
            acquire_object(ProcessState::self(), val, this);
            mObjectsSize++;
        }
    }
	...
}
分析data.writeStrongBinder(new WindowManagerService(...));可知：data.mObjects保存new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端

1）Parcel的成员变量mData保存着"window"
2）Parcel的成员变量mObjects保存flat_binder_object，其中
flat_binder_object.binder保存着new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端的弱引用
flat_binder_object.cookie保存着new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

b. 分析mRemote.transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
其中：mRemote = new BinderProxy()，data = Parcel
参数data保存Proxy向native发送的数据，reply保存native向Proxy返回的数据

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Binder.java：
final class BinderProxy implements IBinder {
    public boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {		//code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，data = Parcel，data.mData保存着"window"，data.mObjects保存new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
        Binder.checkParcel(this, code, data, "Unreasonably large binder buffer");
        return transactNative(code, data, reply, flags);
    }
    public native boolean transactNative(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply,			//JNI
            int flags) throws RemoteException;
}

frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp：
{"transactNative",      "(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_transact},

static jboolean android_os_BinderProxy_transact(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,
        jint code, jobject dataObj, jobject replyObj, jint flags)					//code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，dataObj = Parcel，dataObj.mData保存着"window"，dataObj.mObjects保存new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
{
		/*在2.1.1.2分析env->SetLongField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (jlong)val.get());可知BinderProxy.mObject成员记录了new BpBinder(0)对象的地址*/
		IBinder* target = (IBinder*)env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);		//通过此方法获得BpBinder --- ServiceManager客户端的内存地址
		status_t err = target->transact(code, *data, reply, flags);
}

frameworks/native/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp：
status_t BpBinder::transact(
    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
    if (mAlive) {
        status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
            mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
        if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
        return status;
    }
    return DEAD_OBJECT;
}

frameworks/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp：
status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
		uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
		Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)		//code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，data = Parcel，data.mData保存着"window"，data.mObjects保存new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
{
    status_t err = data.errorCheck();
    err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);			//打包数据成Binder驱动规定的格式
    err = waitForResponse(reply);
    return err;
}

开始调用IPC通信

status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
    int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)				//cmd = BC_TRANSACTION，code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
{
    binder_transaction_data tr;		//由输入数据Parcel构造binder_transaction_data结构体
    tr.target.ptr = 0;
    tr.target.handle = handle;		//handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
    tr.code = code;					//binder_transaction_data.code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
    tr.flags = binderFlags;
    tr.cookie = 0;
    tr.sender_pid = 0;
    tr.sender_euid = 0;
    tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
    tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();			//tr.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = mData = "window"，更开始写入数据时mDataPos = 0，故mData + mDataPos = mData
    tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(binder_size_t);
    tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();		//tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
    mOut.writeInt32(cmd);			//向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
    mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));	//向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入tr = binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
    return NO_ERROR;																			   binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = mData = "window"
}																								   binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端

向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入：
1）cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
2）tr = binder_transaction_data，binder_transaction_data保存Parcel的数据
binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData() = mData = “window”
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = mObjects = new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
    int32_t cmd;
    int32_t err;
    while (1) {		//死循环等待，直到talkWithDriver返回NO_ERROR
        if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;			//把数据发送给binder驱动
        err = mIn.errorCheck();
        if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
        if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;
        cmd = mIn.readInt32();			//读取cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
        switch (cmd) {
        ...
        default:
            err = executeCommand(cmd);
        }
    }
}

status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
    binder_write_read bwr;
    const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();			//needRead = true，doReceive = false
    const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
    bwr.write_size = outAvail;
    bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t)mOut.data();		//binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
    if (doReceive && needRead) {																																																binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = mData = "window"
        bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();																																											binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
        bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t)mIn.data();
    } else {
        bwr.read_size = 0;
        bwr.read_buffer = 0;											//binder_write_read.read_buffer = 0
    }
    if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;												//binder_write_read.write_consumed = 0
    bwr.read_consumed = 0;												//binder_write_read.read_consumed = 0
    status_t err;
    do {
        if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)		//fd = mProcess->mDriverFD为/dev/binder文件句柄（表示调用Binder驱动的ioctl），binder_write_read.write_buffer保存binder_transaction_data
            err = NO_ERROR;
        else
            err = -errno;
        ...
    } while (err == -EINTR);
    if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
        if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
            if (bwr.write_consumed < mOut.dataSize())
                mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);		//清空之前写入Binder驱动的内容
            else
                mOut.setDataSize(0);
        }
        if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
            mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);		//设置从Binder驱动读取的内容
            mIn.setDataPosition(0);
        }
        return NO_ERROR;
    }
    return err;
}
/*
bwr --- binder_write_read的write_buffer保存IPCThreadState.mOut的数据
ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr)：mProcess->mDriverFD为binder设备节点，将binder_write_read的数据写入binder驱动
*/

drivers/staging/android/binder.c
static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)		//cmd = BINDER_WRITE_READ，arg = binder_write_read，其中binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
{																																																																						binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = mData = "window"
	int ret;																																																																	binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
	struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;		//获得ServiceManager进程对应的binder_proc --- 从打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中获取binder_proc
	struct binder_thread *thread;
	unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
	void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
	ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	thread = binder_get_thread(proc);				//获得ServiceManager进程用于处理当前跨进程传输数据的线程binder_thread --- 此线程专门用于处理此跨进程间通信
	switch (cmd) {
	case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
		struct binder_write_read bwr;
		if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}
		if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {		//读取执行ioctl传进的参数ubuf = arg并保存到本地对象binder_write_read中
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		if (bwr.write_size > 0) {	//binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
		                         	//binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = mData = "window"
		                         	//binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
			ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.write_buffer, bwr.write_size, &bwr.write_consumed);		//参数binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_write_read
			if (ret < 0) {
				bwr.read_consumed = 0;
				if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
					ret = -EFAULT;
				goto err;
			}
		}
		if (bwr.read_size > 0) {		//由函数talkWithDriver知：binder_write_read.read_size = 0即bwr.read_size = 0
			ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.Read_Buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
			...
		}
		if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {		//将操作结果bwr返回到用户空间ubuf
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		break;
	}
	...
	}
	ret = 0;
err:
	...
	return ret;
}

使用copy_from_user获取用户态的binder_write_read，并调用binder_thread_read和binder_thread_write处理请求，最终通过copy_to_user将结果binder_write_read返回给用户态

binder_thread_write的参数bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中
binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData() = Parcel.mData = “window”
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = Parcel.mObjects = new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

在分析“创建Binder进程通信的数据载体Parcel”中得出结论：
1）Parcel的成员变量mData保存着"window"
2）Parcel的成员变量mObjects保存flat_binder_object，其中
flat_binder_object.binder保存着new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端的弱引用
flat_binder_object.cookie保存着new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,		//参数binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_write_read
			void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)                   //buffer = binder_write_read.write_buffer，binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data
{
	uint32_t cmd;
	void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;		//*ptr = *buffer + *consumed = bwr.write_buffer + bwr.write_consumed = bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data
												//binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
												//binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = Parcel.mData = "window"                                                    
												//binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = Parcel.mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端                 
	void __user *end = buffer + size;
	while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
		if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))		//在IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData执行mOut.writeInt32(cmd);向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入cmd = BC_TRANSACTION，又*ptr = mOut可知获得用户输入命令cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
			return -EFAULT;
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
		if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
			binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
			proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
			thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
		}
		switch (cmd) {		//cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
		case BC_TRANSACTION:
		case BC_REPLY: {
			struct binder_transaction_data tr;
			if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))		//读取用户空间ptr的数据，保存到tr
				return -EFAULT;
			ptr += sizeof(tr);
			binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd);		//cmd = BC_TRANSACTION，tr保存bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data
			break;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
			       struct binder_thread *thread,
			       struct binder_transaction_data *	tr, int reply)		//reply = BC_TRANSACTION，tr保存bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data
																		//binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
																		//binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer  = data.ipcData() = Parcel.mData = "window"                                                    
																		//binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = Parcel.mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
{
	struct binder_transaction *t;		//binder_transaction结构体
	struct binder_work *tcomplete;
	size_t *offp, *off_end;
	size_t off_min;
	struct binder_proc *target_proc;							//3个关键结构体binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_node
	struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
	struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
	struct list_head *target_list;								//list_head
	wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;
	struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
	struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
	uint32_t return_error = BR_OK;
	struct binder_ref *ref;
	ref = binder_get_ref(proc, tr->target.handle);	//由handle = binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle找到binder_ref，它是对服务ServiceManager的引用，表示此时和ServiceManager通信
	target_node = ref->node;						//由binder_ref.node找到服务ServiceManager的binder_node
	target_proc = target_node->proc;				//服务ServiceManager的binder_node.proc找到目标进程ServiceManager的binder_proc
	if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
		t->from = thread;
	else
		t->from = NULL;
	target_list = &target_proc->todo;
	t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
	t->to_proc = target_proc;		//目标进程ServiceManager对应的binder_proc
	t->to_thread = target_thread;	//目标进程ServiceManager用于处理此次进程通信对应的binder_thread
	t->code = tr->code;
	t->flags = tr->flags;
	t->priority = task_nice(current);
	t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size, tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
	t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
	t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
	t->buffer->transaction = t;								
	t->buffer->target_node = target_node;//目标进程ServiceManager对应的binder_node
	if (target_node)
		binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);
	offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));
	if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {		//重点：t->buffer->data = tr->data.ptr.buffer = "window"
		...
	}
	
	/*tr保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = Parcel.mObjects = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端*/
	if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {						//重点：offp = binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
		...
	}
	
	off_end = (void *)offp + tr->offsets_size;
	for (; offp < off_end; offp++) {		//即遍历从保存flat_binder_object的起始地址到结束地址
		struct flat_binder_object *fp;
		fp = (struct flat_binder_object *)(t->buffer->data + *offp);
		off_min = *offp + sizeof(struct flat_binder_object);
		switch (fp->type) {
			case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
			case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
				struct binder_ref *ref;
				struct binder_node *node = binder_get_node(proc, fp->binder);
				if (node == NULL) {
					/*为每一个服务创建一个binder_node结构体，binder_node.cookie = new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端*/
					node = binder_new_node(proc, fp->binder, fp->cookie);		//创建一个binder_node，其中binder_node.ptr = "window"，binder_node.cookie = fp->cookie对应着new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
					node->min_priority = fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_PRIORITY_MASK;
					node->accept_fds = !!(fp->flags & FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS);
				}
				...
				ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, node);
				fp->handle = ref->desc;
				binder_inc_ref(ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,		//重点：将创建的binder_node保存到ServiceManager对应的thread->todo的list中，其中binder_node.ptr = "window"，binder_node.cookie = fp->cookie对应着new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
						   &thread->todo);
			} break;
			...
		}
	}
	if (reply) {
		binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);
	} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
		t->need_reply = 1;
		t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
		thread->transaction_stack = t;					//把binder_transaction结构体t保存到thread->transaction_stack，表示ServiceManager线程还有任务未完成
	}
	t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
	list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);			//重点：将创建的binder_transaction保存到ServiceManager对应的target_proc->todo队列中，其中binder_transaction.code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction.buffer->data = "window"
	tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
	list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
	if (target_wait)
		wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);				//唤醒ServiceManager线程，ServiceManager线程执行waitForResponse时休眠，直到talkWithDriver返回NO_ERROR
	return;
}

binder_transaction的参数tr = bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中
binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle对应着ServiceManager进程的handle，在注册服务时ServiceManager相当于Server
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData() = Parcel.mData = “window”
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects() = Parcel.mObjects = new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端
1）第一次调用copy_from_user将tr->data.ptr.buffer = "window"保存到binder_transaction->buffer->data
2）第二次调用copy_from_user将tr->data.ptr.offsets = Parcel.mObjects = new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端保存到offp指针，进而将offp保存到fp，然后调用binder_new_node创建一个binder_node，并最终调用binder_inc_ref将创建的binder_node保存到ServiceManager线程的thread->todo的list中，其中：
binder_node.ptr = “window”
binder_node.cookie = fp->cookie对应着new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

c. 分析Binder_Loop

frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/Binder.c：
void Binder_Loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)		//开启for循环，充当Server的角色，等待Client连接
{
    int res;
    struct binder_write_read bwr;
    uint32_t readbuf[32];
    bwr.write_size = 0;
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;
    bwr.write_buffer = 0;
    readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
    binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t));
    for (;;) {
        bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
        bwr.read_consumed = 0;
        bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;		//由talkWithDriver函数可知bwr.read_buffer保存BR_TRANSACTION
        res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);		//bs->fd记录/dev/binder文件句柄，因此调用binder驱动的ioctl函数，传入参数BINDER_WRITE_READ
        ...																							//执行完ioctl后bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION
        res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
    }
}

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)		//cmd = BINDER_WRITE_READ
{
	int ret;
	struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;		//获得Service_manager进程的binder_proc，从打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中获取binder_proc
	struct binder_thread *thread;
	unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
	void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
	ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	binder_lock(__func__);
	thread = binder_get_thread(proc);		//获得proc对应进程(Service_manager进程)下的所有线程中和当前线程pid相等的binder_thread
	if (thread == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto err;
	}
	switch (cmd) {
	...
	case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
		struct binder_write_read bwr;
		if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}
		if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {		//把用户传递进来的参数转换成binder_write_read结构体，并保存在本地变量bwr中，bwr.read_buffer  = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
			ret = -EFAULT;																																																							bwr.write_buffer = 0
			goto err;
		}
		if (bwr.write_size > 0) {		//开始为0
			...
		}
		if (bwr.read_size > 0) {		//由binder_loop函数可知bwr.read_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
			/*读取binder_thread->todo的事物，并处理，执行完后bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION*/
			ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);		//proc和thread分别发起传输动作的进程和线程
			if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
				wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
			if (ret < 0) {
				if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
					ret = -EFAULT;
				goto err;
			}
		}
		if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {		//将bwr返回到用户空间
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		break;
	}
	ret = 0;
	...
	return ret;
}

使用copy_from_user获取用户态的binder_write_read，并调用binder_thread_read和binder_thread_write处理请求，最终通过copy_to_user将结果binder_write_read返回给用户态

static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
			      struct binder_thread *thread,
			      void  __user *buffer, int size,						//buffer = bwr.read_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER，consumed = 0
			      signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
	void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
	void __user *end = buffer + size;
	int ret = 0;
	int wait_for_proc_work;
	if (*consumed == 0) {
		if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))		//把BR_NOOP写回到用户传进来的缓冲区ptr = *buffer + *consumed = bwr.read_buffer + bwr.read_consumed = bwr.read_buffer，即ptr = bwr.read_buffer = BR_NOOP
			return -EFAULT;																		即bwr.read_buffer = BR_NOOP
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
	}
	...
	while (1) {
		uint32_t cmd;
		struct binder_transaction_data tr;
		struct binder_work *w;
		struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;
		/*在分析2.2.4 mRemote.transact执行binder_transaction时，向ServiceManager进程的todo链表插入类型BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION的事项*/
		if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
			w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);			//从thread->todo队列中取出待处理的事项，事项类型BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION
		else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
			w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
		else {
			if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
				goto retry;
			break;
		}
		if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)
			break;
		switch (w->type) {		//由待处理事项的type分类处理，w->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION
			...
			case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
				t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
			} break;
		}
		if (t->buffer->target_node) {
			struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;
			tr.target.ptr = target_node->ptr;			//tr.target.ptr = "window"
			tr.cookie =  target_node->cookie;			//tr.cookie     = new WindowManagerService(...)
			t->saved_priority = task_nice(current);
			if (t->priority < target_node->min_priority &&
			    !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
				binder_set_nice(t->priority);
			else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY) ||
				 t->saved_priority > target_node->min_priority)
				binder_set_nice(target_node->min_priority);
			cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;																	//cmd = BR_TRANSACTION
		} else {
			tr.target.ptr = NULL;
			tr.cookie = NULL;
			cmd = BR_REPLY;
		}
		...
		if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))		//ptr前4个子节：BR_TRANSACTION
			return -EFAULT;
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
		if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))			//ptr4个子节后：binder_transaction_data，其中tr.target.ptr = "window"，tr.cookie = new WindowManagerService(...)
			return -EFAULT;
		ptr += sizeof(tr);
	}
	return 0;
}

之前将binder_node保存到ServiceManager线程的thread->todo的list中，其中：
binder_node.ptr = “window”
binder_node.cookie = fp->cookie对应着new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

执行list_first_entry取出binder_node，保存到target_node，从target_node中取出服务名和服务端并保存到binder_transaction_data

执行完binder_thread_read之后，
bwr.read_buffer前4个子节：BR_TRANSACTION
bwr.read_buffer4个子节后：binder_transaction_data，其中tr.target.ptr = “window”，tr.cookie = new WindowManagerService(…)

int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
                 uintptr_t ptr, size_t size, binder_handler func)
{
    int r = 1;
    uintptr_t end = ptr + (uintptr_t) size;
    while (ptr < end) {
        uint32_t cmd = *(uint32_t *) ptr;			//读取cmd = ptr = readbuf = bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION
        ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
        switch(cmd) {
        ...
        case BR_TRANSACTION: {
            struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr;		//由ptr构造binder_transaction_data结构体txn
            if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) {
                ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
                return -1;
            }
            binder_dump_txn(txn);
            if (func) {										//func为binder_handler函数指针
                unsigned rdata[256/4];
                struct binder_io msg;
                struct binder_io reply;
                int res;
                bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);			//接收到数据之后，构造一个binder_io结构体reply
                bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);				//由txn构造一个binder_io结构体msg，其中msg->data = "window"，msg->offs = new WindowManagerService(...)服务端
                res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);			//调用处理函数 --- 由binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler)第二个参数可知func是函数指针binder_handler,这个函数指针指向了svcmgr_handler函数
                																				//其中txn.code = SVC_MGR_ADD_SERVICE，msg保存服务名"window"和new WindowManagerService(...)服务的handle
                binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data.ptr.buffer, res);		//如果res为0，表示注册成功，代码0写入binder_io结构体reply中
            }
            ptr += sizeof(*txn);
            break;
        }
    }
    return r;
}

bio_init_from_txn创建一个binder_io结构体msg，其中msg->data = “window”，msg->offs = new WindowManagerService(…)服务端

frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/Service_manager.c：
int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
                   struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
                   struct binder_io *msg,
                   struct binder_io *reply)
{
    struct svcinfo *si;
    uint16_t *s;
    size_t len;
    uint32_t handle;
    uint32_t strict_policy;
    int allow_isolated;
    if (txn->target.handle != svcmgr_handle)		//txn->target为NULL，svcmgr_handle为NULL(void* (0))
        return -1;
    if (txn->code == PING_TRANSACTION)
        return 0;
    strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
    s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);			//返回bio->data
    if (s == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||
        memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {
        fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s, len));
        return -1;
    }
    if (sehandle && selinux_status_updated() > 0) {
        struct selabel_handle *tmp_sehandle = selinux_android_service_context_handle();
        if (tmp_sehandle) {
            selabel_close(sehandle);
            sehandle = tmp_sehandle;
        }
    }
    switch(txn->code) {
    ...
    case SVC_MGR_ADD_SERVICE:
        s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);		//由msg获得s = "window"
        if (s == NULL) {
            return -1;
        }
        handle = bio_get_ref(msg);					//由msg获得new WindowManagerService(...)服务的handle
        allow_isolated = bio_get_uint32(msg) ? 1 : 0;
        if (do_add_service(bs, s, len, handle, txn->sender_euid,		//执行do_add_service
            allow_isolated, txn->sender_pid))
            return -1;
        break;
    }
    bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);		//将注册成功代码0写入binder_io结构体reply中
    return 0;
}

开始调用do_add_service注册服务

int do_add_service(struct binder_state *bs,
                   const uint16_t *s, size_t len,
                   uint32_t handle, uid_t uid, int allow_isolated,
                   pid_t spid)
{
    struct svcinfo *si;
    if (!handle || (len == 0) || (len > 127))
        return -1;
    if (!svc_can_register(s, len, spid)) {		//检查用户ID为uid的进程是否有权限请求Service Manager注册一个名称为s的Service组件
        return -1;
    }
    si = find_svc(s, len);		//来检查服务名称s是否被已经注册了的Service组件使用了
    if (si) {
        if (si->handle) {
            svcinfo_death(bs, si);
        }
        si->handle = handle;
    } else {
        si = malloc(sizeof(*si) + (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));		//分配svn_info结构体内存
        if (!si) {
            return -1;
        }
        si->handle = handle;			//重要：si->handle对应new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
        si->len = len;
        memcpy(si->name, s, (len + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));			//重要：si->name = "window"，s表示要注册的Service组件的名称"window"
        si->name[len] = '\0';
        si->death.func = (void*) svcinfo_death;		//死亡通知
        si->death.ptr = si;
        si->allow_isolated = allow_isolated;
        si->next = svclist;			//si->next = svclist;和svclist = si;形成链表，将创建的svcinfo结构体放入链表，注意是从右向左放，即先创建的svcinfo在链表最右边
        svclist = si;
    }
    binder_acquire(bs, handle);			//增加相对应的Binder引用对象的引用计数值，避免它过早地被销毁
    binder_link_to_death(bs, handle, &si->death);				//向Binder驱动程序注册一个Binder本地对象死亡接受通知
    return 0;
}

struct svcinfo
{
    struct svcinfo *next;		//用于形成链表
    uint32_t handle;			//通过handle可以获取服务
    struct binder_death death;
    int allow_isolated;
    size_t len;
    uint16_t name[0];			//用于保存服务名
};

执行do_add_service，创建一个svcinfo结构体放入链表，其中svcinfo.name保存Service的名称 svcinfo.handle保存Service的handle

ServiceManager 注册服务过程的总结：
例如ServiceManager.addService(“window”, new WindowManagerService(…));
a. 创建一个binder_node结构体，并保存到保存到ServiceManager的thread->todo list中，其中：
binder_node.ptr = “window”
binder_node.cookie = new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端
b. 从ServiceManager的todo list队列中取出binder_node结构体
c. 根据binder_node结构体创建一个svcinfo结构体放入链表，其中
svcinfo.name保存服务的名称"window"
svcinfo.handle对应new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

3. ServiceManager 获取服务

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/InputMethodManagerService.java：
ServiceManager.getService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
等价：ServiceManager.getService("window");

以获取WMS服务为例分析获取服务的过程

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManager.java：
public static IBinder getService(String name) {
    try {
        IBinder service = sCache.get(name);
        if (service != null) {
            return service;
        } else {
            return getIServiceManager().getService(name);
        }
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e);
    }
    return null;
}
getIServiceManager().getService(name)
等价：ServiceManagerProxy.getService("window")		//ServiceManagerProxy.mRemote = new BinderProxy()

//frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManagerNative.java：
class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
	public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {
	    Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();	//创建一个Parcel对象
	    Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
	    data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
	    data.writeString(name);			//向Parcel中写入需要向ServiceManager查询的服务名称"window"
	    mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
	    IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();
	    reply.recycle();
	    data.recycle();
	    return binder;
	}
}

a. Parcel.obtain(); //1. 创建一个Parcel对象
b. data.writeString(“window”); //2. 向Parcel中写入需要跨进程传输的数据
c. mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); //传入参数data（保存Proxy向native发送的数据），reply（保存native向Proxy返回的数据）

3.1 分析mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);

由前面的分析可知：mRemote = new BinderProxy()
最终会调用：
frameworks/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp：
status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
                                  uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
                                  Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)		//code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
{
    status_t err = data.errorCheck();
    err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);			//打包数据成Binder驱动规定的格式，code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，data的地址mData保存"window"
    err = waitForResponse(reply);
    return err;
}

status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
    int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)				//cmd = BC_TRANSACTION，code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，data的地址mData保存"window"
{
    binder_transaction_data tr;		//由输入数据Parcel构造binder_transaction_data结构体
    tr.target.ptr = 0;
    tr.target.handle = handle;		//binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle
    tr.code = code;								//binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
    tr.flags = binderFlags;
    tr.cookie = 0;
    tr.sender_pid = 0;
    tr.sender_euid = 0;
    tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
    tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();		//tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData() = mData = "window"，写入数据到Parcel时mDataPos = 0，故Parcel数据的起始地址为mData
    tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(binder_size_t);
    tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();
    mOut.writeInt32(cmd);		//向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
    mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));		//向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入tr = binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
    return NO_ERROR;
}

构建一个binder_transaction_data并保存到mOut，其中
binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle
binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = “window”

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
    int32_t cmd;
    int32_t err;
    while (1) {		//死循环等待，直到talkWithDriver返回NO_ERROR
        if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;			//把数据发送给binder驱动
        err = mIn.errorCheck();
        if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
        if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;
        cmd = mIn.readInt32();			//读取cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
        switch (cmd) {
        ...
        default:		//cmd == BC_TRANSACTION时会执行default
            err = executeCommand(cmd);
        }
    }
}

status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
    binder_write_read bwr;
    const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();			//needRead = true，doReceive = false
    const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
    bwr.write_size = outAvail;
    bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t)mOut.data();		//binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
    if (doReceive && needRead) {
        bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
        bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t)mIn.data();
    } else {
        bwr.read_size = 0;
        bwr.read_buffer = 0;											//binder_write_read.read_buffer = 0
    }
    if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;												//binder_write_read.write_consumed = 0
    bwr.read_consumed = 0;												//binder_write_read.read_consumed = 0
    status_t err;
    do {
        if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)		//fd = mProcess->mDriverFD为/dev/binder文件句柄（表示调用Binder驱动的ioctl），binder_write_read.write_buffer保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
            err = NO_ERROR;
        else
            err = -errno;
        ...
    } while (err == -EINTR);
    ...
    return err;
}

取出保存在mOut中的binder_transaction_data，并将binder_transaction_data保存到binder_write_read.write_buffer

drivers/staging/android/binder.c
static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)		//cmd = BINDER_WRITE_READ，arg = binder_write_read，binder_write_read.write_buffer保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
{
	int ret;
	struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;		//获得binder_proc --- 从打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中获取binder_proc
	struct binder_thread *thread;
	unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
	void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
	ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	thread = binder_get_thread(proc);			//获得当前线程的信息binder_thread --- binder_proc所在的线程（即ServiceManager所在线程）信息
	switch (cmd) {
	case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
		struct binder_write_read bwr;
		if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}
		if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {		//读取执行ioctl传进的参数ubuf = arg并保存到本地对象binder_write_read中
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		if (bwr.write_size > 0) {			//binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
			ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.write_buffer, bwr.write_size, &bwr.write_consumed);		//参数binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_write_read
			if (ret < 0) {
				bwr.read_consumed = 0;
				if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
					ret = -EFAULT;
				goto err;
			}
		}
		if (bwr.read_size > 0) {		//bwr.read_size = 0
			ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.Read_Buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
			...
		}
		if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {		//将操作结果bwr返回到用户空间ubuf
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		break;
	}
	...
	}
	ret = 0;
err:
	...
	return ret;
}

使用copy_from_user获取用户态的binder_write_read，并调用binder_thread_read和binder_thread_write处理请求，最终通过copy_to_user将结果binder_write_read返回给用户态

int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,			//参数binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_write_read
			void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)     //buffer = binder_write_read.write_buffer，binder_write_read.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
{
	uint32_t cmd;
	void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
	void __user *end = buffer + size;
	while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {
		if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))		//在IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData执行mOut.writeInt32(cmd);向IPCThreadState.mOut中写入cmd = BC_TRANSACTION，可知获得用户输入命令cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
																									//*ptr = *buffer + *consumed = bwr.write_buffer + bwr.write_consumed = bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
			return -EFAULT;
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
		if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
			binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
			proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
			thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;
		}
		switch (cmd) {		//cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
			case BC_TRANSACTION:
			case BC_REPLY: {
				struct binder_transaction_data tr;
				if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))		//读取用户空间ptr的数据，保存到tr
					return -EFAULT;
				ptr += sizeof(tr);
				binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd);		//cmd = BC_TRANSACTION，tr保存bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
				break;
		}
		*consumed = ptr - buffer;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
根据binder_write_read的write_buffer（即binder_transaction_data）构造binder_transaction_data，并执行binder_transaction
*/

static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
			       struct binder_thread *thread,
			       struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)		//reply = BC_TRANSACTION，tr保存bwr.write_buffer = mOut，mOut保存binder_transaction_data，其中binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
{
	struct binder_transaction *t;		//binder_transaction结构体
	struct binder_work *tcomplete;
	size_t *offp, *off_end;
	size_t off_min;
	struct binder_proc *target_proc;							//3个关键结构体binder_proc、binder_thread、binder_node
	struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
	struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
	struct list_head *target_list;								//list_head
	wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;
	struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
	struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
	uint32_t return_error = BR_OK;
	/*每个进程对应一个binder_ref，每个binder_ref对应一个binder_node，每个binder_node对应一个binder_proc，binder_proc有一个todo链表保存着很多binder_transaction，每个binder_transaction对应一个请求*/
	/*一下代码为获取binder驱动进程对应的target_proc，并将请求的事务binder_transaction保存到binder进程的target_proc的todo链表中*/
	struct binder_ref *ref;
	ref = binder_get_ref(proc, tr->target.handle);			//proc为binder驱动进程的binder_proc，tr->target.handle为binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle
	target_node = ref->node;
	target_proc = target_node->proc;
	target_list = &target_proc->todo;
	if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
		t->from = thread;
	else
		t->from = NULL;
	/*由binder_transaction_data结构体tr构造binder_transaction结构体t*/
	t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;
	t->to_proc = target_proc;
	t->to_thread = target_thread;
	t->code = tr->code;						//重点：binder_transaction.code = binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
	t->flags = tr->flags;
	t->priority = task_nice(current);
	t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size, tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
	t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;
	t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
	t->buffer->transaction = t;								
	t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
	if (target_node)
		binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);
	offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));
	if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {		//重点：binder_transaction.buffer.data = binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
		...
	}
	if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {		//offp = tr->data.ptr.offsets = NULL，因为在执行getService时未写入Object
		...
	}
	off_end = (void *)offp + tr->offsets_size;
	for (; offp < off_end; offp++) {		//offp为空故不进入for循环
		...
	}
	if (reply) {
		binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);
	} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
		t->need_reply = 1;
		t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
		thread->transaction_stack = t;									//把binder_transaction结构体t保存到thread->transaction_stack，表示ServiceManager线程还有任务未完成
	}
	t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;		//重点：binder_transaction->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION
	list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);		//重点：将binder_transaction放入ServiceManager进程的todo链表中，其中binder_transaction.code = binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
	tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;																																binder_transaction.buffer.data = binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = "window"
	list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
	if (target_wait)
		wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);		//唤醒ServiceManager线程，ServiceManager线程执行waitForResponse，直到talkWithDriver返回NO_ERROR
	return;
}

根据binder_transaction_data构造binder_transaction结构体，并将binder_transaction放入binder驱动进程binder_proc的todo链表中，其中
binder_transaction.buffer.data = binder_transaction_data.data.ptr.buffer = “window”
binder_transaction.code = binder_transaction_data.code = GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
注：binder_transaction_data.target.handle = BpBinder.mHandle

3.2 分析Binder_Loop

ServiceManager线程的thread->todo队列保存着binder_transaction结构体t，t->buffer->data = tr->data.ptr.buffer = "window"
frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/Binder.c：
void Binder_Loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)		//开启for循环，充当Server的角色，等待Client连接
{
    int res;
    struct binder_write_read bwr;
    uint32_t readbuf[32];
    bwr.write_size = 0;
    bwr.write_consumed = 0;
    bwr.write_buffer = 0;
    readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
    binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t));
    for (;;) {
        bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
        bwr.read_consumed = 0;
        bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
        res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);		//bs->fd记录/dev/binder文件句柄，因此调用binder驱动的ioctl函数，传入参数BINDER_WRITE_READ
        ...
        res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
    }
}

a. 分析res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);

static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)		//cmd = BINDER_WRITE_READ
{
	int ret;
	struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;		//获得Service_manager进程的binder_proc，从打开文件file的私有数据成员变量private_data中获取binder_proc
	struct binder_thread *thread;
	unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
	void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
	ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	binder_lock(__func__);
	thread = binder_get_thread(proc);		//获得proc对应进程(Service_manager进程)下的所有线程中和当前线程pid相等的binder_thread
	if (thread == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto err;
	}
	switch (cmd) {
	...
	case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {
		struct binder_write_read bwr;
		if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}
		if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {		//把用户传递进来的参数转换成binder_write_read结构体，并保存在本地变量bwr中，bwr.read_buffer  = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
			ret = -EFAULT;																																																							bwr.write_buffer = 0
			goto err;
		}
		if (bwr.write_size > 0) {		//开始为0
			...
		}
		if (bwr.read_size > 0) {		//由binder_loop函数可知bwr.read_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER
			/*读取binder_thread->todo的事物，并处理，执行完后bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION*/
			ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);		//proc和thread分别发起传输动作的进程和线程
			if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))
				wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);
			if (ret < 0) {
				if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
					ret = -EFAULT;
				goto err;
			}
		}
		if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {		//将bwr返回到用户空间
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto err;
		}
		break;
	}
	ret = 0;
	...
	return ret;
}

使用copy_from_user获取用户态的binder_write_read，并调用binder_thread_read和binder_thread_write处理请求，最终通过copy_to_user将结果binder_write_read返回给用户态

static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
			      struct binder_thread *thread,
			      void  __user *buffer, int size,						//buffer = bwr.read_buffer = BC_ENTER_LOOPER，consumed = 0
			      signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{
	void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
	void __user *end = buffer + size;
	int ret = 0;
	int wait_for_proc_work;
	if (*consumed == 0) {
		if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))		//把BR_NOOP写回到用户传进来的缓冲区ptr = *buffer + *consumed = bwr.read_buffer + bwr.read_consumed = bwr.read_buffer，即ptr = bwr.read_buffer = BR_NOOP
			return -EFAULT;																		即bwr.read_buffer = BR_NOOP
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
	}
	...
	while (1) {
		uint32_t cmd;
		struct binder_transaction_data tr;
		struct binder_work *w;
		struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;
		/*在3.1 分析mRemote.transact执行binder_transaction时，向ServiceManager进程的todo链表插入类型BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION的事项*/
		if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))
			w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);			//从thread->todo队列中取出待处理的事项，事项类型BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION
		else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)
			w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);
		else {
			if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */
				goto retry;
			break;
		}
		if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)
			break;
		switch (w->type) {		//由待处理事项的type分类处理，w->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION
			...
			case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
				t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);
			} break;
		}
		if (t->buffer->target_node) {
			struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;
			tr.target.ptr = target_node->ptr;
			tr.cookie =  target_node->cookie;
			t->saved_priority = task_nice(current);
			if (t->priority < target_node->min_priority &&
			    !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
				binder_set_nice(t->priority);
			else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY) ||
				 t->saved_priority > target_node->min_priority)
				binder_set_nice(target_node->min_priority);
			cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;																	//cmd = BR_TRANSACTION
		} else {
			tr.target.ptr = NULL;
			tr.cookie = NULL;
			cmd = BR_REPLY;
		}
		...
		if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))		//把cmd = BR_TRANSACTION写回到用户传进来的缓冲区ptr = bwr.read_buffer，故执行完binder_thread_read后cmd = bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION
			return -EFAULT;								即bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION
		ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
		if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))				
			return -EFAULT;
		ptr += sizeof(tr);
	}
	return 0;
}

调用binder_thread_read处理请求，bwr.read_buffer前4个子节保存BR_TRANSACTION，后4个子节保存binder_transaction_data结构体
因此：bwr.read_buffer = BR_TRANSACTION
b. 分析res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);

int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
                 uintptr_t ptr, size_t size, binder_handler func)
{
    int r = 1;
    uintptr_t end = ptr + (uintptr_t) size;
    while (ptr < end) {
        uint32_t cmd = *(uint32_t *) ptr;
        ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
        switch(cmd) {
        ...
        case BR_TRANSACTION: {
            struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr;		//由ptr = readbuf构造binder_transaction_data结构体txn
            if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) {
                ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
                return -1;
            }
            binder_dump_txn(txn);
            if (func) {										//func为binder_handler函数指针
                unsigned rdata[256/4];
                struct binder_io msg;
                struct binder_io reply;
                int res;
                bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);			//接收到数据之后，构造一个binder_io结构体reply
                bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);				//由txn构造一个binder_io结构体msg
                res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);			//调用处理函数 --- 由binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler)第二个参数可知func是函数指针binder_handler,这个函数指针指向了svcmgr_handler函数
                binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data.ptr.buffer, res);		//如果res为0，表示注册成功，代码0写入binder_io结构体reply中
            }
            ptr += sizeof(*txn);
            break;
        }
    }
    return r;
}
struct binder_io{
    char *data 				//从binder读取或者写入到binder中的内容指针
    binder_size_t *offs;
    char *data0; 			//内容起始位置，用作基准值
    ...
}

void bio_init(struct binder_io *bio, void *data,
              size_t maxdata, size_t maxoffs)
{
    size_t n = maxoffs * sizeof(size_t);		//偏移数组所占的大小
    if (n > maxdata) {											//偏移数组所占的大小不能大于最大能分配大小
        bio->flags = BIO_F_OVERFLOW;
        bio->data_avail = 0;
        bio->offs_avail = 0;
        return;
    }
    bio->data = bio->data0 = (char *) data + n;		//bio->data
    bio->offs = bio->offs0 = data;				//开始是偏移数组
    bio->data_avail = maxdata - n;				//数据缓冲区大小
    bio->offs_avail = maxoffs;						//偏移数组大小
    bio->flags = 0;
}

void bio_init_from_txn(struct binder_io *bio, struct binder_transaction_data *txn)
{
    bio->data = bio->data0 = (char *)(intptr_t)txn->data.ptr.buffer;
    bio->offs = bio->offs0 = (binder_size_t *)(intptr_t)txn->data.ptr.offsets;
    bio->data_avail = txn->data_size;
    bio->offs_avail = txn->offsets_size / sizeof(size_t);
    bio->flags = BIO_F_SHARED;
}

创建一个binder_io结构体msg，其中msg.data = txn->data.ptr.buffer = “window”，即msg.data中保存着服务名"window"

frameworks/native/cmds/servicemanager/Service_manager.c：
int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
                   struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
                   struct binder_io *msg,
                   struct binder_io *reply)
{
    struct svcinfo *si;
    uint16_t *s;
    size_t len;
    uint32_t handle;
    uint32_t strict_policy;
    int allow_isolated;
    if (txn->target.handle != svcmgr_handle)		//txn->target为NULL，svcmgr_handle为NULL(void* (0))
        return -1;
    if (txn->code == PING_TRANSACTION)
        return 0;
    strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
    s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);			//返回s = msg.data = "window"
    if (s == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||
        memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {
        fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s, len));
        return -1;
    }
    if (sehandle && selinux_status_updated() > 0) {
        struct selabel_handle *tmp_sehandle = selinux_android_service_context_handle();
        if (tmp_sehandle) {
            selabel_close(sehandle);
            sehandle = tmp_sehandle;
        }
    }
    switch(txn->code) {
		case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE:
		case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE:
			s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);	//s = "window"
			if (s == NULL) {
				return -1;
			}
			handle = do_find_service(bs, s, len, txn->sender_euid, txn->sender_pid);
			if (!handle)
				break;
			bio_put_ref(reply, handle);
			return 0;
    }
    bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);		//将注册成功代码0写入binder_io结构体reply中
    return 0;
}

执行do_find_service查找服务

uint32_t do_find_service(struct binder_state *bs, const uint16_t *s, size_t len, uid_t uid, pid_t spid)		//s = "window"
{
    struct svcinfo *si;

    if (!svc_can_find(s, len, spid)) {
        return 0;
    }
    si = find_svc(s, len);		//从svclist链表中寻找name = "window"的svcinfo并返回
    if (si && si->handle) {
        if (!si->allow_isolated) {
            uid_t appid = uid % AID_USER;
            if (appid >= AID_ISOLATED_START && appid <= AID_ISOLATED_END) {
                return 0;
            }
        }
        return si->handle;		//返回svcinfo.handle即为name = "window"对应的new WindowManagerService(...)的服务端
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

struct svcinfo *find_svc(const uint16_t *s16, size_t len)			//s16 = "window"
{
    struct svcinfo *si;
    for (si = svclist; si; si = si->next) {		//从svclist链表中寻找name = "window"的svcinfo并返回
        if ((len == si->len) &&
            !memcmp(s16, si->name, len * sizeof(uint16_t))) {
            return si;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

从binder_io结构体msg中取出服务名，执行do_find_service根据服务名从svclist链表中寻找name = "window"的svcinfo，并返回svcinfo.handle给reply，即返回name = "window"对应的new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

ServiceManager 服务获得过程的总结：
例如ServiceManager.getService(“window”);
从ServiceManager从svclist链表中寻找name = "window"的svcinfo，并返回svcinfo.handle即为name = "window"对应的new WindowManagerService(…)的服务端

4. ServiceManager管理服务的流程图

请添加图片描述

4.1 注册服务

请添加图片描述

4.2 获取服务

请添加图片描述

进程A如何和进程B通信？
进程B向ServiceManager注册服务"window"，进程A由向ServceManager查询服务"window"的handle
由服务"window"的handle找到binder_ref，由binder_ref.node找到binder_node，由binder_node.proc找到目标进程的binder_proc
进程A将数据发送到进程B对应binder_proc的todo链表，进程B从todo链表取出数据即可

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专栏目录
【Binder 机制】分析 Android 内核源码中的 Binder 驱动源码 binder.c ( googlesource 中的 Android 内核源码 | 内核源码下载 )
让 学习 成为一种 习惯 ( 韩曙亮 の 技术博客 )
09-17 1855
一、查看 Android 内核源码中的 Binder 驱动源码 binder.c、 二、分析 Binder 驱动源码 binder.c、 1、binder_ioctl、 2、binder_ioctl_set_ctx_mgr、 三、博客资源、
Android源码分析 - Binder概述
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