docker搭建Ubuntu16.04+opencv2.4.11环境（已经上传仓库可直接pull）

懒人模式：

为了方便大家搭建环境，我把搭建好opencv2.4.11+python2.7的环境push到仓库了。若要使用，大家仅需要安装docker，然后拉取镜像即可。如何安装docker，使用镜像启动容器请参考docker安装，容器的基本操作，守护式进程及其操作，镜像操作

docker pull gxw514410699/opencv2

搭建教学：

首先，利用docker拉去ubuntu16.04的镜像

sudo docker pull ubuntu:16.04

开启交互式容器

sudo docker run -i -t 9499db781771 /bin/bash

进入容器并更新

安装vim

apt-get install vim

如果vim安装过慢，可以用echo命令(ubuntu20.04)

echo -e "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal universe\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal multiverse\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security universe\n\
 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse\n\
" > /etc/apt/sources.list

利用vim换源

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.back
vim /etc/apt/sources.list

把下面的指令粘贴到sources.list中

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

更新一下即可

apt-get update

安装opencv相关依赖环境

apt-get install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev wget libcanberra-gtk-module gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf

在home路径下，下载opencv2.4.11

cd home
wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/2.4.11.tar.gz

或者在宿主机上下载好，cp到docker上

sudo docker cp ./opencv-2.4.11.zip 1c55b98ab9ca:/home/ (1c55b98ab9ca为容器id)

创建release并在路径下cmake

mkdir release && cd release
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv2.4.11 …

编译环境

sudo make -j4

安装编译环境

sudo make install

这样整个opencv2.4.11的环境就配置完成了。接下来需要设置环境变量。

vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

添加指令

/usr/local/opencv2.4.11/lib

ldconfig
vim ~/.bashrc

添加指令

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opencv2.4.11/lib/pkgconfig"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opencv2.4.11/lib"

source ~/.bashrc

pkg-config --modversion opencv (查看opencv版本)
pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv (查看opencv安装库和包含路径)

如果遇到python import cv2，出现 no module cv2的问题：

解决：
把opencv-2.4.11/release/lib/cv2.so复制到
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

接下来我们可以打包自己的镜像
1.将容器制作成镜像

docker  commit  -m  '镜像描述'  -a  '制作者'  容器名  镜像名

2.将制作好的镜像打成 tar 包

docker  save  -o  tar包的名字  镜像名

3.别人接收到 tar 包之后，load tar 包

docker  load  <  tar 包所在路径

4.run 镜像进入容器

docker run -i -t 镜像 /bin/bash