FFmpeg音视频编解码实践总结

PS:由于目前开发RTSP服务器传输模块时用到了h264文件，所以攻了一段时间去实现h264的视频编解码，借用FFmpeg SDK实现了任意文件格式之间的转换，并实现了流媒体实时播放，目前音视频同步需要稍加完善，视频编码代码已成功移植到Visual Stdio平台。

以下文档来自FFmpeg工程组(http://www.ffmpeg.com.cn/index.php开发事例)

实现转码一个普通视频文件为视频mpeg4,音频mp3的功能的程序

本程序源引自FFmpeg工程组，实现转码一个普通视频文件为视频mpeg4,音频mp3的功能（如需更多示例源码可参阅bbs.anychat.cn）

 

 
 
#include <avcodec.h> 
#include <avformat.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <avutil.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <string.h> 
main(int argc,char **argv)  
{     
  const char *input_file_name="/root/movies/ddh1.mpg";  
  av_register_all();//注册库中所有可用的文件格式和编码器  
  AVFormatContext *ic;  
  //输入文件处理部分  
  ic=av_alloc_format_context();  
  if(av_open_input_file(&ic,input_file_name,NULL,0,NULL)!=0)  
  {  
     printf("can't open the file %s\n",input_file_name);  
     exit(1);  
  }//打开输入文件  
  if(av_find_stream_info(ic)<0)  
  {  
     printf("can't find suitable codec parameters\n");  
     exit(1);  
  }//取出流信息  
  dump_format(ic,0,input_file_name,0);//列出输入文件的相关流信息  
  int i;  
  int videoindex=-1;int audioindex=-1;  
  for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++)  
  {      
     if(ic->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO)  
         {  
            videoindex=i;  
          //printf("video\n");  
         }  
         else if(ic->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO)  
         {  
          //printf("audio\n");  
            audioindex=i;  
         }  
  }  
   if(videoindex==-1)  
   {  
          printf("can't find video stream\n");  
          exit(1);  
   }//没有找到视频流  
  AVCodecContext *vCodecCtx;  
  vCodecCtx=ic->streams[videoindex]->codec;//取得视频流编码上下文指针  
  AVCodec *vCodec;  
  vCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(vCodecCtx->codec_id);  
  if(vCodec==NULL)  
  {  
     printf("can't find suitable video decoder\n");  
     exit(1);  
  }//找到合适的视频解码器  
  if(avcodec_open(vCodecCtx,vCodec)<0)  
  {  
     printf("can't open the video decoder\n");  
     exit(1);  
  }//打开该视频解码器  
   if(audioindex==-1)  
     {  
        printf("can't find audio stream\n");  
        exit(1);  
     }//没有找到音频流  
  AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx;  
  aCodecCtx=ic->streams[audioindex]->codec;  
  AVCodec *aCodec;  
  aCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(aCodecCtx->codec_id);  
  if(aCodec==NULL)  
  {  
     printf("can't find suitable audio decoder\n");  
     exit(1);  
  }//找到合适的音频解码器  
  if(avcodec_open(aCodecCtx,aCodec)<0)  
  {  
     printf("can't open the audio decoder\n");  
     exit(1);  
  }//打开该音频解码器  
//下面为输出文件处理部分  
    const char *output_file_name="/root/123.avi";  
    AVOutputFormat *fmt;  
    AVFormatContext *oc;  
    AVCodecContext *oVcc,*oAcc;  
    AVCodec *oVc,*oAc;  
    AVStream *video_st,*audio_st;  
    AVFrame *oVFrame,*oAFrame;  
    double video_pts;  
    oVFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();  
    fmt=guess_format(NULL,output_file_name,NULL);  
    if(!fmt)  
    {  
           printf("could not deduce output format from outfile extension\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }//判断是否可以判断输出文件的编码格式  
    oc=av_alloc_format_context();  
    if(!oc)  
    {  
           printf("Memory error\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }  
    oc->oformat=fmt;  
    pstrcpy(oc->filename,sizeof(oc->filename),output_file_name);  
    video_st=av_new_stream(oc,0);  
    if(!video_st)  
    {  
          printf("could not alloc video stream\n");  
          exit(0);  
    }  
    oVcc=avcodec_alloc_context();  
    oVcc=video_st->codec;  
    oVcc->codec_id=CODEC_ID_MPEG4;  
    oVcc->codec_type=CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO;  
    oVcc->bit_rate=2500000;  
    oVcc->width=704;  
    oVcc->height=480;  
    oVcc->time_base=vCodecCtx->time_base;  
    oVcc->gop_size=vCodecCtx->gop_size;  
    //oVcc->pix_fmt=vCodecCtx->pix_fmt;  
    oVcc->pix_fmt=vCodecCtx->pix_fmt;  
    oVcc->max_b_frames=vCodecCtx->max_b_frames;  
    video_st->r_frame_rate=ic->streams[videoindex]->r_frame_rate;  
    audio_st=av_new_stream(oc,oc->nb_streams);  
    if(!audio_st)  
    {  
           printf("could not alloc audio stream\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }    
    avcodec_get_context_defaults2(audio_st->codec,CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO);  
    oAcc=avcodec_alloc_context();  
    oAcc=audio_st->codec;  
    oAcc->codec_id=CODEC_ID_MP3;  
    oAcc->codec_type=CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO;  
    oAcc->bit_rate=aCodecCtx->bit_rate;  
    oAcc->sample_rate=aCodecCtx->sample_rate;  
    oAcc->channels=2;  
    if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) < 0)   
    {  
           printf( "Invalid output format parameters\n");                           
              exit(0);                                 
    }//设置必要的输出参数  
    strcpy(oc->title,ic->title);  
    strcpy(oc->author,ic->author);  
    strcpy(oc->copyright,ic->copyright);  
    strcpy(oc->comment,ic->comment);  
    strcpy(oc->album,ic->album);  
    oc->year=ic->year;  
    oc->track=ic->track;  
    strcpy(oc->genre,ic->genre);  
    dump_format(oc,0,output_file_name,1);//列出输出文件的相关流信息  
    oVc=avcodec_find_encoder(CODEC_ID_MPEG4);  
    if(!oVc)  
    {  
       printf("can't find suitable video encoder\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }//找到合适的视频编码器  
    if(avcodec_open(oVcc,oVc)<0)  
    {  
           printf("can't open the output video codec\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }//打开视频编码器  
    oAc=avcodec_find_encoder(CODEC_ID_MP3);  
    if(!oAc)  
    {  
           printf("can't find suitable audio encoder\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }//找到合适的音频编码器  
    if(avcodec_open(oAcc,oAc)<0)  
    {  
           printf("can't open the output audio codec");  
           exit(0);  
    }//打开音频编码器  
    /*if(url_exist(output_file_name))  
    {  
       printf("the output file name %s has exist,please select other\n",output_file_name);  
       exit(0);  
    }//判断该输出文件是否已经存在*/  
    if (!(oc->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))  
    {  
       if(url_fopen(&oc->pb,output_file_name,URL_WRONLY)<0)  
       {  
              printf("can't open the output file %s\n",output_file_name);  
              exit(0);  
       }//打开输出文件  
    }  
    if(!oc->nb_streams)  
    {  
           fprintf(stderr,"output file dose not contain any stream\n");  
           exit(0);  
    }//查看输出文件是否含有流信息  
  if(av_write_header(oc)<0)  
  {  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not write header for output file\n");  
      exit(1);  
  }[/i][/i]  
AVPacket packet;  
  uint8_t *ptr,*out_buf;  
  int out_size;  
  static short *samples=NULL;  
  static unsigned int samples_size=0;  
  uint8_t *video_outbuf,*audio_outbuf;int video_outbuf_size,audio_outbuf_size;  
  video_outbuf_size=400000;  
  video_outbuf= (unsigned char *) malloc(video_outbuf_size);  
  audio_outbuf_size = 10000;  
  audio_outbuf = av_malloc(audio_outbuf_size);  
  int flag;int frameFinished;int len;int frame_index=0,ret;  
          while(av_read_frame(ic,&packet)>=0)//从输入文件中读取一个包  
       {  
          if(packet.stream_index==videoindex)//判断是否为当前视频流中的包  
          {  
         len=avcodec_decode_video(vCodecCtx,oVFrame,&frameFinished,packet.data,packet.size);//若为视频包，解码该视频包  
                 if(len<0)  
                 {  
                    printf("Error while decoding\n");  
                    exit(0);  
                 }  
         if(frameFinished)//判断视频祯是否读完  
         {  
             fflush(stdout);  
             oVFrame->pts=av_rescale(frame_index,AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)oVcc->time_base.num,oVcc->time_base.den);  
             oVFrame->pict_type=0;  
             out_size = avcodec_encode_video(oVcc, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, oVFrame);     
             if (out_size > 0)              
             {                     
                 AVPacket pkt;                 
                 av_init_packet(&pkt);                                 
                 if(oVcc->coded_frame && oVcc->coded_frame->key_frame)                                         
                     pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;                                          
                     pkt.flags = packet.flags;                        
                     pkt.stream_index= video_st->index;                                                 
                     pkt.data= video_outbuf;                                                           
                     pkt.size= out_size;                                               
                     ret=av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);                                         
             }  
             frame_index++;  
         }  
         else  
             ret=av_write_frame(oc, &packet);   
                    //img_convert((AVPicture *)vFrame, PIX_FMT_RGB24, (AVPicture*)oVFrame, oVcc->pix_fmt,oVcc->width,oVcc-  
>height);  
            //SaveFrame(vFrame,oVcc->width,oVcc->height,frame_index);   
                    if(ret!=0)  
                    {  
                      printf("while write video frame error\n");  
                      exit(0);  
                    }  
          }  
          else if(packet.stream_index==audioindex)  
      {  
         len=packet.size;  
         ptr=packet.data;  
             int ret=0;  
             while(len>0)  
             {  
                    out_buf=NULL;  
                    out_size=0;  
                    if(&packet)  
               samples=av_fast_realloc(samples,&samples_size,FFMAX(packet.size*sizeof  
(*samples),AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE));  
                    out_size=samples_size;  
                    ret=avcodec_decode_audio(aCodecCtx,samples,&out_size,ptr,len);//若为音频包，解码该音频包  
                    if(ret<0)  
                    {  
                       printf("while decode audio failure\n");  
                       exit(0);  
                    }  
            fflush(stdout);  
            ptr+=ret;  
            len-=ret;  
            if(out_size<=0)  
               continue;  
            out_buf=(uint8_t *)samples;  
            AVPacket pkt;  
            av_init_packet(&pkt);  
            pkt.size= avcodec_encode_audio(oAcc, audio_outbuf, audio_outbuf_size, out_buf);  
            pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(oAcc->coded_frame->pts, oAcc->time_base, audio_st->time_base);  
            pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;  
            pkt.stream_index= audioindex;  
            pkt.data= audio_outbuf;  
            if (av_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0)   
            {  
               fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame\n");  
               exit(1);  
                }  
         }  
          }   
          av_free_packet(&packet);  
       }   
av_write_trailer(oc);  
for(i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++)   
{              
  av_freep(&oc->streams[i]->codec);                         
  av_freep(&oc->streams[i]);                             
}  
url_fclose(oc);  
av_free(oc);  
av_free(oVFrame);  
av_free(out_buf);  
avcodec_close(vCodecCtx);  
avcodec_close(aCodecCtx);  
av_close_input_file(ic);  
} 

source download:  http://files.cnblogs.com/msopengl/ffmpegh264codec.rar

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作者：jemmyLiu

出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/msopengl/

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