//有些结论是自己推测的,如有不对敬请指正。
【项目1】根据给出的基类Animal和main()函数。
1、根据给出的main()函数和运行结果的提示,设计出相关的各个类,注意观察运行结果,提取出每个类中需要的数据成员,并匹配上需要的成员函数。
2、显然,Animal设计为抽象类更合适,Animal不需要能够实例化,是专门作基类使用的。改造程序,使Animal设计为抽象类,这时main()函数中p = new Animal();将出错,将此行删除。
3、每一个Animal的派生类都有一个“名字”数据成员,这一共有的成员完全可以由基类提供改造上面的程序,将这一数据成员作为抽象类Animal数据成员被各派生类使用。
下面是给出的基类Animal和main()函数:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
Animal(){cout<<"struct !!!"<<endl;}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"不知哪种动物,让我如何学叫?"<<endl;
}
virtual ~Animal(){cout<<"destruct Animal!"<<endl;}
};
class Mouse: public Animal{
public:
Mouse(string na,char se):name(na),sex(se){
// char sexx[]="男";
string sexx="男";
if(sex=='m')
sexx="女";
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"我是一个"<<sexx<<"老鼠";
}
void cry(){
cout<<"我的叫声是zhizhizhi"<<endl;
}
~Mouse(){cout<<"destruct Mouse!"<<endl;}
private:
string name;
char sex;
};
class Cat:public Animal{
public:
Cat(string na):name(na){cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"我是一只猫";}
void cry(){cout<<"我的叫声是 喵喵喵!"<<endl;}
~Cat(){cout<<"destruct Cat!"<<endl;}
private:
string name;
};
class Dog:public Animal{
public:
Dog(string na):name(na){cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"我是一只狗";}
void cry(){cout<<"我的叫声是: 汪汪汪"<<endl;}
~Dog(){cout<<"destruct Dog!"<<endl;}
private:
string name;
};
class Giraffe:public Animal{
public:
Giraffe(string na,char s):name(na),sex(s){
string sexx="女";
if(sex=='m')
sexx="男";
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<"我是一个"<<sexx<<"长颈鹿";
}
void cry(){cout<<"我的脖子太长发不出声音。"<<endl;}
~Giraffe(){cout<<"destruct Giraffe!"<<endl;}
private:
string name;
char sex;
};
int main( )
{
// Animal *p;
Animal *p = new Animal();
p->cry();
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
delete p;
return 0;
}
【项目2】写一个程序,定义抽象基类Shape,由它派生出3个派生类,Circle(圆形)、Rectangle(矩形)、Triangle(三角形)。用如下的main()函数,求出定义的几个几何体的面积和
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape{
public:
virtual double area()=0;//纯虚函数
virtual ~Shape(){}
};
class Circle:public Shape{
public:
Circle():radius(0){}
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
double area(){return 3.14*radius*radius;}
~Circle(){}
private:
double radius;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape{
public:
Rectangle():length(0),width(0){}
Rectangle(double l,double w):length(l),width(w){}
double area(){return length*width;}
~Rectangle(){}
private:
double length,width;
};
class Triangle:public Shape{
public:
Triangle():bottle(0),higth(0){}
Triangle(double b,double h):bottle(b),higth(h){}
double area(){return 0.5*bottle*higth;}
~Triangle(){}
private:
double bottle,higth;
};
int main()
{
Circle c1(12.6),c2(4.9);//建立Circle类对象c1,c2,参数为圆半径
Rectangle r1(4.5,8.4),r2(5.0,2.5);//建立Rectangle类对象r1,r2,参数为矩形长、宽
Triangle t1(4.5,8.4),t2(3.4,2.8); //建立Triangle类对象t1,t2,参数为三角形底边长与高
Shape *pt[6]= {&c1,&c2,&r1,&r2,&t1,&t2}; //定义基类指针数组pt,使它每一个元素指向一个派生类对象
double areas=0.0; //areas为总面积
for(int i=0; i<6; i++)
{
areas=areas + pt[i]->area();
}
cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl; //输出总面积
return 0;
}
【项目3】设计一个抽象类CSolid,含有两个求表面积及体积的纯虚函数。设计个派生类CCube、CBall、CCylinder,分别表示正方体、球体及圆柱体。在main()函数中,定义基类的指针p(CSolid *p;),利用p指针,输出正方体、球体及圆柱体对象的表面积及体积。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CSolid{
public:
virtual double area()=0;
virtual double volume()=0;
virtual ~CSolid(){}
};
class CCuboid:public CSolid{
public:
CCuboid():length(),width(),heigth(){}
CCuboid(double l,double w,double h):length(l),width(w),heigth(h){}
double area();
double volume();
~CCuboid(){}
private:
double length,width,heigth;
};
double CCuboid::area(){
return 2*(length*width+width*heigth+length*heigth);
}
double CCuboid::volume(){
return length*width*heigth;
}
class CBall:public CSolid{
public:
CBall():radius(0){}
CBall(double r):radius(r){}
double area(){return 4*3.14*radius*radius;}
double volume(){return 4/3*3.14*radius*radius*radius;}
~CBall(){}
private:
double radius;
};
class CCylinder:public CSolid{
public:
CCylinder():radius(0),heigth(0){}
CCylinder(double r,double h):radius(r),heigth(h){}
double area(){return 2*3.14*radius*radius+2*3.314*radius*heigth;}
double volume(){return 3.14*radius*radius*heigth;}
~CCylinder(){}
private:
double radius,heigth;
};
int main()
{
//CSolid ss; 抽象类不可以创建对象!!!!!!
//CSolid *s=new CSolid; 抽象类不可以创建对象!!!!!!
CSolid *s=new CCuboid;
CCuboid cub(3.3,2.5,6.2);
CBall b(1.12);
CCylinder cy(2.5,2.6);
//用派生类对象直接访问他们的函数
cout<<"the data of Cuboid area:"<<cub.area()<<" volume:"<<cub.volume()<<endl;
cout<<"the data of Ball area:"<<b.area()<<" volume:"<<b.volume()<<endl;
cout<<"the data of Cylinder area:"<<cy.area()<<" volume:"<<cy.volume()<<endl<<endl;
//用指向基类的指针访问派生类对象函数
s=&cub;
cout<<"the data of Cuboid area:"<<s->area()<<" volume:"<<s->volume()<<endl;
s=&b;
cout<<"the data of Ball area:"<<s->area()<<" volume:"<<s->volume()<<endl;
s=&cy;
cout<<"the data of Cylinder area:"<<s->area()<<" volume:"<<s->volume()<<endl;
delete s;
return 0;
}