Nevertheless, the EON model has some functional drawbacks, and the so called spectrum fragmentation [3] is the most important one. The randomness in the connection setup and tear down processes leads to fragmentation of the spectral resources in the network. As the number of spectrum slots assigned to each connection can take random values (ranging from 1 to 10 FS in our model), the available spectrum in the network links is fragmented into small non-contiguous spectral bands. As a result, the probability of finding enough contiguous spectrum resources for serving incoming traffic demands, especially those traversing multi-hop paths and/or requesting
large amounts of bandwidth (BW), decreases significantly.
Finding ways to alleviate fragmentation in EONs has become a really crowded research topic during last years. Most of the works concerning routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) in EONs must appropriately tackle this issue.
A lot of efforts have been directed to de-fragmentation strategies [4], but using RSA algorithms that prevent fragmentation [5], and even further fragmenting the traffic [6] can also help in alleviating its effects. Spectrum partitioning was introduced in [7] as a simple way to efficiently manage some problems arising in EONs, which are there classified as:
- Fairness issues, due to the fact that small BW connection requests have higher probability of finding enough contiguous FS than larger ones.
- Fragmentation, already defined above, which is worsened as more heterogeneous traffic is offered.
In this study we assume a transparent HeBN infrastructure,i.e., traffic requests are end-to-end lightpaths that occupy a contiguous bandwidth and maintain spectrum continuity on all constituent links. Spectrum resource is slotted, and the bandwidth of each slot is set to 12.5 GHz [7], [8]. A single OFDM subcarrier operates at 12.5-Gbaud symbol rate. Each subcarrier is uniformly modulated using DualPolarization Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) and hence achieves 50-Gb/s line-rate. Depending on the number of subcarriers consisting a lightpath, different data rates can be achieved. Taking into account data encoding overhead, 9 and 23 orthogonal subcarriers are grouped to create the next projected data rates 400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s respectively, as illustrated in Fig. 1
Fragmentation is a major degrader of spectrum efficiency.
在考虑混合IR/AR业务的公平性RSA感知算法的研究中,主要存在三个子问题: - 不同AR业务的灵活性(主要指开始时间)有可能不同,灵活性高的业务由于可选择的传输开始时间较多,更容易在候选路径上找到可用的光路。相反,灵活性低的AR业务更容易被阻塞。如何保证灵活性不同的AR业务接入网络的公平性。
- 不同带宽需求的AR业务在接入网络时被阻塞的概率不同。因为空闲频谱资源是有限的,而高带宽需求的AR业务在分配时往往需要更多的频谱资源,更容易被阻塞。如何保证不同带宽需求的AR业务接入网络的公平性。
- IR请求的持续时间有已知和未知两种情况。当IR请求的持续时间未知时,如果AR请求发生冲突,
拟解决途径: