springcloud学习记录-Gateway网关的入门配置

Gateway三大核心概念：
Route(路由)：路由是构建网关的基本模块，它由ID，目标URI，一系列的断言和过滤器组成，如果断言为true则匹配该路由
Predicate（断言）：参考的是java8的java.util.function.Predicate开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容（例如请求头或请求参数），如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由
Filter(过滤)；指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例，使用过滤器，可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。

创建端口9527的gateway网关：
依赖：

    <dependencies>
        <!--新增gateway-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>     
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml:

server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，由微服务进行路由
      routes:
          - id: payment_routh
            uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
#            uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
            predicates:
              - Path=/payment/get/**
             
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: cloud-gateway-service
  client:
    service-url:
    #是否让自己注册EurekaServer 默认为true
     register-with-eureka: true
    #是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息， 默认为true 单节点无所谓，集群必须设置为true，才能配合ribbon负载均衡
     fetch-registry: true
     defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka

config类：

 */
@Configuration
public class GateWayConfig {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder){
        RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes = routeLocatorBuilder.routes();
        routes.route("path_route",
                r -> r.path("/guonei").uri("https://news.baidu.com/guonei")).build();
        return routes.build();
    }
}

主启动类：

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayMain9527 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayMain9527.class,args);
    }
}

然后启动eureka7001，payment8001，gateway9527
通过9527来访问8001服务器，让8001服务器没有对外暴露，
且通过9527网关只能访问断言里的路径----/payment/get/**
即localhost:9527/payment/get/**，未断言的则无法通过网关访问

接着是配置文件中通过设置访问localhost:9527/guonei跳转到
https://news.baidu.com/guonei

自定义过滤器：

@Component
public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        System.out.println();
        String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("uname");
        if(uname==null){
            System.out.println("用户名为null");
            exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
            return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }
    
    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

实现结果为通过gateway9527网关访问时，必须带关键字uname才能访问。
例如http://localhost:9527/payment/get/213?uname=a

不带uname时: