- 作业下载地址：点击这里
- 本部分包含knn.ipynb和cs231n/classifiers/k_nearest_neighbor.py两个文件
- 问题总结
- 几行magic line：
% matplotlib inline可以让matplotlib在代码所在cell中绘图，而不是重启另一个cell；% load_ext auto reload和% auto reload 2可以让代码在外部模块修改后自动加载 numpy.linalg模块是关于线性代数（Linear Algebra的缩写）的一些方法，其中np.linalg.norm可以用来求各种范式对向量来说默认是二范数，也就是说当其参数ord=None时
np.linalg.norm(a)等价于np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(a)))
- 几行magic line：
- 下面是需要填的部分代码，仅供参考
- knn.ipynb
num_folds = 5
k_choices = [1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 50, 100]
X_train_folds = []
y_train_folds = []
################################################################################
# TODO: #
# Split up the training data into folds. After splitting, X_train_folds and #
# y_train_folds should each be lists of length num_folds, where #
# y_train_folds[i] is the label vector for the points in X_train_folds[i]. #
# Hint: Look up the numpy array_split function. #
################################################################################
X_train_folds = np.array_split(X_train, num_folds)
y_train_folds = np.array_split(y_train, num_folds)
################################################################################
# END OF YOUR CODE #
################################################################################
# A dictionary holding the accuracies for different values of k that we find
# when running cross-validation. After running cross-validation,
# k_to_accuracies[k] should be a list of length num_folds giving the different
# accuracy values that we found when using that value of k.
k_to_accuracies = {}
################################################################################
# TODO: #
# Perform k-fold cross validation to find the best value of k. For each #
# possible value of k, run the k-nearest-neighbor algorithm num_folds times, #
# where in each case you use all but one of the folds as training data and the #
# last fold as a validation set. Store the accuracies for all fold and all #
# values of k in the k_to_accuracies dictionary. #
################################################################################
for k in k_choices:
k_to_accuracies[k] = []
for i in range(num_folds):
X_train_remain = np.delete(X_train_folds, i, axis=0)
y_train_remain = np.delete(y_train_folds, i, axis=0)
X_train_v = np.reshape(X_train_remain, (-1, X_train_remain.shape[-1]))
y_train_v = np.reshape(y_train_remain, (y_train_remain.shape[0]*y_train_remain.shape[1],))
classifier.train(X_train_v, y_train_v)
y_pred_i = classifier.predict(X_train_folds[i], k, num_loops=0)
num_corrected_i = np.sum(y_pred_i == y_train_folds[i])
k_to_accuracies[k].append(float(num_corrected_i) / y_train_folds[i].shape[0])
################################################################################
# END OF YOUR CODE #
################################################################################
# Print out the computed accuracies
for k in sorted(k_to_accuracies):
for accuracy in k_to_accuracies[k]:
print('k = %d, accuracy = %f' % (k, accuracy))- cs231n/classifiers/k_nearest_neighbor.py
def compute_distances_two_loops(self, X):
"""
Compute the distance between each test point in X and each training point
in self.X_train using a nested loop over both the training data and the
test data.
Inputs:
- X: A numpy array of shape (num_test, D) containing test data.
Returns:
- dists: A numpy array of shape (num_test, num_train) where dists[i, j]
is the Euclidean distance between the ith test point and the jth training
point.
"""
num_test = X.shape[0]
num_train = self.X_train.shape[0]
dists = np.zeros((num_test, num_train))
for i in xrange(num_test):
for j in xrange(num_train):
#####################################################################
# TODO: #
# Compute the l2 distance between the ith test point and the jth #
# training point, and store the result in dists[i, j]. You should #
# not use a loop over dimension. #
#####################################################################
dists[i, j] = np.linalg.norm(np.subtract(X[i],self.X_train[j]))
#####################################################################
# END OF YOUR CODE #
#####################################################################
return dists
def compute_distances_one_loop(self, X):
"""
Compute the distance between each test point in X and each training point
in self.X_train using a single loop over the test data.
Input / Output: Same as compute_distances_two_loops
"""
num_test = X.shape[0]
num_train = self.X_train.shape[0]
dists = np.zeros((num_test, num_train))
for i in xrange(num_test):
#######################################################################
# TODO: #
# Compute the l2 distance between the ith test point and all training #
# points, and store the result in dists[i, :]. #
#######################################################################
dists[i, :] = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.transpose(np.square(self.X_train - X[i])), axis=0))
#######################################################################
# END OF YOUR CODE #
#######################################################################
return dists
def compute_distances_no_loops(self, X):
"""
Compute the distance between each test point in X and each training point
in self.X_train using no explicit loops.
Input / Output: Same as compute_distances_two_loops
"""
num_test = X.shape[0]
num_train = self.X_train.shape[0]
dists = np.zeros((num_test, num_train))
#########################################################################
# TODO: #
# Compute the l2 distance between all test points and all training #
# points without using any explicit loops, and store the result in #
# dists. #
# #
# You should implement this function using only basic array operations; #
# in particular you should not use functions from scipy. #
# #
# HINT: Try to formulate the l2 distance using matrix multiplication #
# and two broadcast sums. #
#########################################################################
dists = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(X), axis=1, keepdims=True) - 2 * np.dot(X, np.transpose(self.X_train)) + np.sum(np.square(np.transpose(self.X_train)), axis=0, keepdims=True))
#########################################################################
# END OF YOUR CODE #
#########################################################################
return dists
def predict_labels(self, dists, k=1):
"""
Given a matrix of distances between test points and training points,
predict a label for each test point.
Inputs:
- dists: A numpy array of shape (num_test, num_train) where dists[i, j]
gives the distance betwen the ith test point and the jth training point.
Returns:
- y: A numpy array of shape (num_test,) containing predicted labels for the
test data, where y[i] is the predicted label for the test point X[i].
"""
num_test = dists.shape[0]
y_pred = np.zeros(num_test)
for i in xrange(num_test):
# A list of length k storing the labels of the k nearest neighbors to
# the ith test point.
closest_y = []
#########################################################################
# TODO: #
# Use the distance matrix to find the k nearest neighbors of the ith #
# testing point, and use self.y_train to find the labels of these #
# neighbors. Store these labels in closest_y. #
# Hint: Look up the function numpy.argsort. #
#########################################################################
closest_y = self.y_train[np.argsort(dists[i, :])[:k]]
#########################################################################
# TODO: #
# Now that you have found the labels of the k nearest neighbors, you #
# need to find the most common label in the list closest_y of labels. #
# Store this label in y_pred[i]. Break ties by choosing the smaller #
# label. #
#########################################################################
y_pred[i] = np.argmax(np.bincount(closest_y))
#########################################################################
# END OF YOUR CODE #
#########################################################################
return y_pred
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