python matplotlib 简单使用

Annotation 标注

        x0 = 1
        y0 = 2*x0 + 1
        plt.plot([x0, x0,], [0, y0,], 'k--', linewidth=2.5)
        plt.scatter([x0, ], [y0, ], s=50, color='b')

        # method 1:
        #####################
        plt.annotate(r'$2x+1=%s$' % y0, xy=(x0, y0), xycoords='data', xytext=(+30, -30),
                     textcoords='offset points', fontsize=16,
                     arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle="arc3,rad=.2"))

        # method 2:
        ########################
        plt.text(-3.7, 3, r'$This\ is\ the\ some\ text. \mu\ \sigma_i\ \alpha_t$',
                 fontdict={'size': 16, 'color': 'r'})

tick 能见度(坐标轴标识)

 for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(12)
    # 在 plt 2.0.2 或更高的版本中, 设置 zorder 给 plot 在 z 轴方向排序
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='None', alpha=0.7, zorder=2))
plt.show()

coutours 等高线图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def f(x,y):
    # the height function
    return (1 - x / 2 + x**5 + y**3) * np.exp(-x**2 -y**2)

n = 256
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

# use plt.contourf to filling contours with colors
# X, Y and value for (X,Y) point
plt.contourf(X, Y, f(X, Y), 8, alpha=.75, cmap=plt.cm.hot)

# use plt.contour to add contour lines
# 8 block
C = plt.contour(X, Y, f(X, Y), 8, colors='black', linewidth=.5)
# adding label
plt.clabel(C, inline=True, fontsize=10)

plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()