用代码一步步学习Spring:IoC,AOP
1 从http://www.springframework.org下载Spring2 用eclipse新建Java项目
3 建立我们的业务方法接口
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--> public interface BusinessObject {
public void doSomething();
public void doAnotherThing();
}
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--> public interface BusinessObject {
public void doSomething();
public void doAnotherThing();
}
4 实现业务方法,注意这是的setWords使用了依赖注入,所谓依赖注入就是把配置文件中的字符串什么的在程序运行时“自动”放到我们的程序中来。如果不是这样,我们就只能在代码中固化这些东西,从而违背了面向对象的依赖倒置原则,还有一种满足依赖倒置的方法,即依赖查询,这就是所谓的factory模式,即在代码中请求某种抽象的东西,然后根据配置得到它,但这种办法向对于依赖注入多了对环境的依赖,且代码冗余,EJB的JNDI查询就属于这种。另外我们的Spring配置文件是以bean为核心的,就是我们写的一个类,在XML中描述它的名称、位置和涵盖的内容、关系。
<!--
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--> public class BusinessObjectImpl implements BusinessObject {
private String words;
public void setWords(String words){
this .words = words;
}
public void doSomething() {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog( this .getClass());
log.info(words);
}
public void doAnotherThing() {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog( this .getClass());
log.info( " Another thing " );
}
}
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--> public class BusinessObjectImpl implements BusinessObject {
private String words;
public void setWords(String words){
this .words = words;
}
public void doSomething() {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog( this .getClass());
log.info(words);
}
public void doAnotherThing() {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog( this .getClass());
log.info( " Another thing " );
}
}
5 建立一个运行方法类,从配置文件spring-beans.xml中读入bo这个类的定义,然后实例化一个对象
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--> import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
XmlBeanFactory xbf = new XmlBeanFactory( new ClassPathResource( " spring-beans.xml " ));
BusinessObject bo = (BusinessObject)xbf.getBean( " bo " );
bo.doSomething();
bo.doAnotherThing();
}
}
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--> import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
XmlBeanFactory xbf = new XmlBeanFactory( new ClassPathResource( " spring-beans.xml " ));
BusinessObject bo = (BusinessObject)xbf.getBean( " bo " );
bo.doSomething();
bo.doAnotherThing();
}
}
6 建立一个拦截器类invoke是MethodInterceptor必须实现的方法,表示拦截时的动作,大家仔细体会代码中的含义
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--> import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
public class MyInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
private String before, after;
public void setAfter(String after) {
this .after = after;
}
public void setBefore(String before) {
this .before = before;
}
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog( this .getClass());
log.info(before);
Object rval = invocation.proceed();
log.info(after);
return rval;
}
}
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--> import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
public class MyInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
private String before, after;
public void setAfter(String after) {
this .after = after;
}
public void setBefore(String before) {
this .before = before;
}
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
Log log = LogFactory.getLog( this .getClass());
log.info(before);
Object rval = invocation.proceed();
log.info(after);
return rval;
}
}
7 建立配置文件组织上面的类之间的关系,AOP有切入点和增强这两个重要的概念,把两个概念结合到一起,就是一个在某个方法执行的时候附加执行,切入点表示在哪里附加,增强表示附加什么,配置文件中的myPointcut表示切入点,myInterceptor表示增强的内容,myAdvisor表示增强器,即两者的结合,在bo这个bean中,我们把这个增强器附加到了bo这个bean上。
<!--
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--> <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
< beans >
< bean id ="businessObjectImpl" class ="BusinessObjectImpl" >
< property name ="words" >
< value > 正在执行业务方法 </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="myInterceptor" class ="MyInterceptor" >
< property name ="before" >
< value > 执行业务方法前 </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="after" >
< value > 执行业务方法后 </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="myPointcut" class ="org.springframework.aop.support.JdkRegexpMethodPointcut" >
< property name ="patterns" >
< list >
< value > BusinessObject.doSomething </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="myAdvisor" class ="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor" >
< property name ="pointcut" ref ="myPointcut" />
< property name ="advice" ref ="myInterceptor" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="bo" class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" >
< property name ="target" >
< ref local ="businessObjectImpl" />
</ property >
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" >
< value > BusinessObject </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="interceptorNames" >
< list >
< value > myInterceptor </ value >
< value > myAdvisor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
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--> <? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
< beans >
< bean id ="businessObjectImpl" class ="BusinessObjectImpl" >
< property name ="words" >
< value > 正在执行业务方法 </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="myInterceptor" class ="MyInterceptor" >
< property name ="before" >
< value > 执行业务方法前 </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="after" >
< value > 执行业务方法后 </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="myPointcut" class ="org.springframework.aop.support.JdkRegexpMethodPointcut" >
< property name ="patterns" >
< list >
< value > BusinessObject.doSomething </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="myAdvisor" class ="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor" >
< property name ="pointcut" ref ="myPointcut" />
< property name ="advice" ref ="myInterceptor" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="bo" class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" >
< property name ="target" >
< ref local ="businessObjectImpl" />
</ property >
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" >
< value > BusinessObject </ value >
</ property >
< property name ="interceptorNames" >
< list >
< value > myInterceptor </ value >
< value > myAdvisor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
8 运行Main类,观察控制台输出结果,重新审查代码,反思为什么会出现这种结果。