RabbitMQ(五) 订阅发布者模式介绍以及代码实现

概述:

        在上一章节介绍的工作模式中,我们的消费会进行轮询发送给所有的消息消费者,每个消费者接受消息之和为全部消息。本章节介绍的订阅发布者模式则为:将消息传递给所有的消息消费者,每个消费者都能接受到全部的消息。并且在订阅发布章节我们将新引入一个新的概念,交换机(Exchange)概念。

一、pom.xml 依赖

只需要引入rabbitMq的依赖即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>RabbitMQ</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>5.6.0</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

二、发布者(生产者)代码实现过程:

  1. 创建RabbitMQ连接对象Connection;
  2. 创建信道Channel;
  3. 使用Channel声明交换机信息(名称、类型),交换机类型有四种 direct,topic,headers 和fanout。本示例使用fanout;
  4. 声明所有的消息队列;
  5. 将消息队列与交换机进行绑定;
  6. 发送消息;
  7. 关闭信道和mq连接;

java代码实现如下:

package com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.publishSubscribe;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.utils.ConnectionUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Producer {

    //交换机名称
    public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange";
    //队列1
    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_1 = "fanout_queue_1";
    //队列2
    public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_2 = "fanout_queue_2";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        /**
         * 参数一:交换机名称
         * 参数二:交换机类型:fanout \topic \direct
         */
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);

        /**
         * 声明队列
         * durabe:持久化的消息,mq重启后消息仍在。
         * exclusive :独占的,一个消息队列独占一个连接
         */
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_1,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_2,true,false,false,null);

        //队列绑定交换机
        channel.queueBind(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_1,Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");
        channel.queueBind(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_2,Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");

        for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
            String msg = "订阅发布模式小兔子来啦........"+i;
            channel.basicPublish(Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"",null,msg.getBytes());

        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

三、订阅者代码实现步骤

  1. 创建消费端链接
  2. 创建消费端渠道
  3. 声明交换机
  4. 声明消费队列
  5. 队列绑定到交换机
  6. 监听消息回调处理
  7. 消息监听开启

java代码实现如下:

package com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.publishSubscribe;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.utils.ConnectionUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Cunsumer1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建消费端链接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建消费端渠道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
        //声明消费队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_1, true,false,false,null);
        //队列绑定到交换机
        channel.queueBind(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_1,Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");

        //监听消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("==================订阅消费者1开始===================");
                System.out.println("路由的key为:"+envelope.getRoutingKey());
                System.out.println("交换机为:"+envelope.getExchange());
                System.out.println("消息ID为:"+envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                System.out.println("收到的消息为:"+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                System.out.println("===================订阅消费者1结束==================");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * 第二个参数表示是否 向mqserver自动回复收到
         * 第三个参数表示消息回调
         */
        channel.basicConsume(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_1,true,consumer);
    }
}

订阅者2 代码实现:

package com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.publishSubscribe;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.utils.ConnectionUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Cunsumer2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建消费端链接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建消费端渠道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
        //声明消费队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_2, true,false,false,null);
        //队列绑定到交换机
        channel.queueBind(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_2,Producer.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"");

        //监听消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {

                System.out.println("==================订阅消费者2开始===================");
                System.out.println("路由的key为:"+envelope.getRoutingKey());
                System.out.println("交换机为:"+envelope.getExchange());
                System.out.println("消息ID为:"+envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                System.out.println("收到的消息为:"+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                System.out.println("===================订阅消费者2结束==================");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * 第二个参数表示是否 向mqserver自动回复收到
         * 第三个参数表示消息回调
         */
        channel.basicConsume(Producer.FANOUT_QUEUE_2,true,consumer);
    }
}

运行打印(两个控制台一样):

==================订阅消费者1开始===================
路由的key为:
交换机为:fanout_exchange
消息ID为:10
收到的消息为:订阅发布模式小兔子来啦........1
===================订阅消费者1结束==================
==================订阅消费者1开始===================
路由的key为:
交换机为:fanout_exchange
消息ID为:11
收到的消息为:订阅发布模式小兔子来啦........2
===================订阅消费者1结束==================
==================订阅消费者1开始===================
路由的key为:
交换机为:fanout_exchange
消息ID为:12
收到的消息为:订阅发布模式小兔子来啦........3
===================订阅消费者1结束==================
==================订阅消费者1开始===================
路由的key为:
交换机为:fanout_exchange
消息ID为:13
收到的消息为:订阅发布模式小兔子来啦........4
===================订阅消费者1结束==================

 

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