RabbitMQ(六) Routing路由模式

概述        

        所谓RabbitMq中路由模式（Routing）为我们在将发送消息队列以及接收消息队列（queue）绑定到交换机(exchange)时指定了一个RoutingKey。然后我们在通过连接信道向交换机发送消息时指定一个RoutingKey,交换机会将该消息发送到routingKey对应的接收队列上。在Routing模式中我们使用的交换机类型为direct。

代码示例：

生产者代码，主要步骤：

1. 获取连接（工具类部分代码查阅RabbitMQ(三) HelloWorld ）
2. 创建信道
3. 声明交换机指定名称以及类型
4. 声明消息队列
5. 将不同消息队列绑定到交换机上并指定相应的路由key
6. 发送消息，并指定交换机以及路由key

package com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.routing;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.utils.ConnectionUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Producer {

    //交换机名称
    public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct_exchange";
    //队列1
    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE_1 = "delete_direct_queue_1";
    //队列2
    public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE_2 = "update_direct_queue_2";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        /**
         * 参数一：交换机名称
         * 参数二：交换机类型：fanout \topic \direct
         */
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

        /**
         * 声明队列
         * durabe:持久化的消息，mq重启后消息仍在。
         * exclusive :独占的，一个消息队列独占一个连接
         */
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_1,true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_2,true,false,false,null);

        //队列绑定交换机
        channel.queueBind(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_1, Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"delete");
        channel.queueBind(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_2, Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"update");

        for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
            String msg = "路由模式小兔子来啦........"+i+"---"+(i%2 == 0 ? "delete":"update");
            channel.basicPublish(Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,(i%2 == 0 ? "delete":"update"),null,msg.getBytes());
            System.out.println("已发送消息："+msg);
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费端代码如下，主要步骤：

1. 创建连接
2. 创建信道
3. 声明交换机 指定名称（必须和生产者声明的同一交换机）以及类型
4. 声明消费队列
5. 绑定队列到交换机，并指明路由key
6. 创建一个消费者，并实现监听回调处理。
7. 启动指定名称的消费者，并使用6步骤中生成的消费对象启动。

package com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.routing;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.utils.ConnectionUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Cunsumer1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建消费端链接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建消费端渠道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //声明消费队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_1, true,false,false,null);
        //队列绑定到交换机
        channel.queueBind(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_1,Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"delete");

        //监听消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("==================路由消费者delete开始===================");
                System.out.println("路由的key为："+envelope.getRoutingKey());
                System.out.println("交换机为："+envelope.getExchange());
                System.out.println("消息ID为："+envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                System.out.println("收到的消息为："+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                System.out.println("===================路由消费者delete结束==================");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * 第二个参数表示是否 向mqserver自动回复收到
         * 第三个参数表示消息回调
         */
        channel.basicConsume(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_1,true,consumer);
    }
}

消费者2代码：

package com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.routing;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import com.xiaohui.rabbitmq.utils.ConnectionUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Cunsumer2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建消费端链接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建消费端渠道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //声明消费队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_2, true,false,false,null);
        //队列绑定到交换机
        channel.queueBind(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_2,Producer.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"update");

        //监听消息
        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {

                System.out.println("==================路由消费者update开始===================");
                System.out.println("路由的key为："+envelope.getRoutingKey());
                System.out.println("交换机为："+envelope.getExchange());
                System.out.println("消息ID为："+envelope.getDeliveryTag());
                System.out.println("收到的消息为："+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                System.out.println("===================路由消费者update结束==================");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        /**
         * 第二个参数表示是否 向mqserver自动回复收到
         * 第三个参数表示消息回调
         */
        channel.basicConsume(Producer.DIRECT_QUEUE_2,true,consumer);
    }
}

运行效果：

消费者1：

==================路由消费者delete开始===================
路由的key为：delete
交换机为：direct_exchange
消息ID为：1
收到的消息为：路由模式小兔子来啦........2---delete
===================路由消费者delete结束==================
==================路由消费者delete开始===================
路由的key为：delete
交换机为：direct_exchange
消息ID为：2
收到的消息为：路由模式小兔子来啦........4---delete
===================路由消费者delete结束==================

消费者2打印：

==================路由消费者update开始===================
路由的key为：update
交换机为：direct_exchange
消息ID为：1
收到的消息为：路由模式小兔子来啦........1---update
===================路由消费者update结束==================
==================路由消费者update开始===================
路由的key为：update
交换机为：direct_exchange
消息ID为：2
收到的消息为：路由模式小兔子来啦........3---update
===================路由消费者update结束==================
==================路由消费者update开始===================
路由的key为：update
交换机为：direct_exchange
消息ID为：3
收到的消息为：路由模式小兔子来啦........5---update
===================路由消费者update结束==================