hibernate,复合主键，composite-id

基于业务需求，您会需要使用两个字段来作复合主键，例如在User数据表中，您也许会使用"name"与"phone"两个字段来定义复合主键。

假设您这么建立User表格：

CREATE TABLE user (

    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

    phone VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

    age INT,

    PRIMARY KEY(name, phone)

);

在表格中，"name"与"age"被定义为复合主键，在映像时，您可以让User类别直接带有"name"与"age"这两个属性，而Hibernate要求复合主键类别要实作Serializable接口，并定义equals()与hashCode()方法：

User.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;

 

// 复合主键类的对应类别必须实作Serializable接口

public class User implements Serializable {

    private String name;

    private String phone;

    private Integer age;

   

    public User() {

    }

 

    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public String getPhone() {

        return phone;

    }

 

    public void setPhone(String phone) {

        this.phone = phone;

    }

   

    // 必须重新定义equals()与hashCode()

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if(obj == this) {

            return true;

        }

       

        if(!(obj instanceof User)) {

            return false;

        }

       

        User user = (User) obj;

        return new EqualsBuilder()

                 .append(this.name, user.getName())

                 .append(this.phone, user.getPhone())

                 .isEquals();

       

    }

   

    public int hashCode() {

        return new HashCodeBuilder()

                 .append(this.name)

                 .append(this.phone)

                 .toHashCode();

    }

}

equals()与hashCode()方法被用作两笔不同数据的识别依据；接着您可以使用<composite-id>在映射文件中定义复合主键与对象的属性对应：

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping

    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 

<hibernate-mapping>

 

    <class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" table="user">

        <composite-id>

            <key-property name="name"

                          column="name"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

            <key-property name="phone"

                          column="phone"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

        </composite-id>

 

        <property name="age" column="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>

   

    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>

在储存数据方面，复合主键的储存没什么区别，现在的问题在于如何依据复合主键来查询数据，例如使用load()方法，您可以创建一个User实例，并设定复合主键对应的属性，接着再透过load()查询对应的数据，例如：

User user = new User();

user.setName("bush");

user.setPhone("0970123456");

       

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

// 以实例设定复合主键并加载对应的数据

user = (User) session.load(User.class, user);

       

System.out.println(user.getAge() + "\t" +

                                  user.getName() + "\t" +

                                  user.getPhone());

session.close();

 

 

可以将主键的信息独立为一个类别，例如：

UserPK.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

 

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;

 

public class UserPK implements Serializable {

    private String name;

    private String phone;

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public String getPhone() {

        return phone;

    }

 

    public void setPhone(String phone) {

        this.phone = phone;

    }

   

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if(obj == this) {

            return true;

        }

       

        if(!(obj instanceof User)) {

            return false;

        }

       

        UserPK pk = (UserPK) obj;

        return new EqualsBuilder()

                 .append(this.name, pk.getName())

                 .append(this.phone, pk.getPhone())

                 .isEquals();

       

    }

   

    public int hashCode() {

        return new HashCodeBuilder()

                 .append(this.name)

                 .append(this.phone)

                 .toHashCode();

    }

}

现在User类别的主键信息被分离出来了，例如：

User.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

 

public class User implements Serializable {

    private UserPK userPK; // 主键

    private Integer age;

   

    public User() {

    }

 

    public UserPK getUserPK() {

        return userPK;

    }

 

    public void setUserPK(UserPK userPK) {

        this.userPK = userPK;

    }

 

    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

}

在映像文件方面，需要指定主键类的信息，例如：

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping

    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 

<hibernate-mapping>

 

    <class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" table="user">

        <composite-id name="userPK"

                      class="onlyfun.caterpillar.UserPK"

                      unsaved-value="any">

            <key-property name="name"

                          column="name"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

            <key-property name="phone"

                          column="phone"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

        </composite-id>

       

        <property name="age" column="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>

   

    </class>

 

</hibernate-mapping>

在查询数据时，必须指定主键信息，例如：

UserPK pk = new UserPK();

pk.setName("bush");

pk.setPhone("0970123456");

      

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

// 以主键类实例设定复合主键并加载对应的数据

User user = (User) session.load(User.class, pk);

      

System.out.println(user.getAge() + "\t" +

                                  user.getUserPK().getName() + "\t" +

                                  user.getUserPK().getPhone());

session.close();

 
**************************************************************
遇到这样的问题，用hibernate 开发，myeclipse 反向生成映射文件，现有表eventAlert，此表是个没有主键的表，生成的映射文件，如下： 

<hibernate-mapping> 
    <class name="com.tomsync.vo.EventAlert" table="EventAlert" catalog="obm"> 
        <composite-id name="id" class="com.tomsync.vo.EventAlertId"> 
            <key-property name="eventalertTimeupdate" type="java.util.Date"> 
                <column name="eventalert_timeupdate" length="19" /> 
            </key-property> 
            <key-property name="eventalertTimecreate" type="java.util.Date"> 
                <column name="eventalert_timecreate" length="19" /> 
            </key-property> 
            <key-many-to-one name="userObm" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm"> 
                <column name="eventalert_userupdate" /> 
            </key-many-to-one> 
            <key-many-to-one name="userObm_1" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm"> 
                <column name="eventalert_usercreate" /> 
            </key-many-to-one> 
            <key-many-to-one name="event" class="com.tomsync.vo.Event"> 
                <column name="eventalert_event_id" /> 
            </key-many-to-one> 
            <key-many-to-one name="userObm_2" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm"> 
                <column name="eventalert_user_id" /> 
            </key-many-to-one> 
            <key-property name="eventalertDuration" type="java.lang.Integer"> 
                <column name="eventalert_duration" /> 
            </key-property> 
        </composite-id> 
        <many-to-one name="userObmByEventalertUserupdate" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select"> 
            <column name="eventalert_userupdate" /> 
        </many-to-one> 
        <many-to-one name="userObmByEventalertUserId" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select"> 
            <column name="eventalert_user_id" /> 
        </many-to-one> 
        <many-to-one name="event" class="com.tomsync.vo.Event" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select"> 
            <column name="eventalert_event_id" /> 
        </many-to-one> 
        <many-to-one name="userObmByEventalertUsercreate" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select"> 
            <column name="eventalert_usercreate" /> 
        </many-to-one> 
    </class> 
</hibernate-mapping> 


如上，虚拟出类 com.tomsync.vo.EventAlertId  作为它的主键，在项目中，读取，没有问题，当我要对 com.tomsync.vo.EventAlertId 类中的 eventalertDuration 做更新的时候，不抱异常，项目运行一切正常，但是，库中的数据就是没有改过来。还是新建时候的数据。 
请问，对于虚拟出来的主键  com.tomsync.vo.EventAlertId 类中的属性 eventalertDuration 是不是不可修改？ 

解决方案：
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.tomsync.vo.EventAlert" table="EventAlert" catalog="obm">
        <composite-id name="id" class="com.tomsync.vo.EventAlertId">
            <key-property name="eventalertTimeupdate" type="java.util.Date">
                <column name="eventalert_timeupdate" length="19" />
            </key-property>
            <key-property name="eventalertTimecreate" type="java.util.Date">
                <column name="eventalert_timecreate" length="19" />
            </key-property>
            <key-many-to-one name="userObm" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm">
                <column name="eventalert_userupdate" />
            </key-many-to-one>
            <key-many-to-one name="userObm_1" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm">
                <column name="eventalert_usercreate" />
            </key-many-to-one>
            <key-many-to-one name="event" class="com.tomsync.vo.Event">
                <column name="eventalert_event_id" />
            </key-many-to-one>
            <key-many-to-one name="userObm_2" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm">
                <column name="eventalert_user_id" />
            </key-many-to-one>

<!--   注释，并移到外面　，请注意修改　ｅｖｅｎｔＡｌｅｒｔｉｄ表中的hashCode() equesle() 方法　-->
<!--            <key-property name="eventalertDuration" type="java.lang.Integer">-->
<!--                <column name="eventalert_duration" />-->
<!--            </key-property>-->
        </composite-id>
        <many-to-one name="userObmByEventalertUserupdate" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select">
            <column name="eventalert_userupdate" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="userObmByEventalertUserId" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select">
            <column name="eventalert_user_id" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="event" class="com.tomsync.vo.Event" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select">
            <column name="eventalert_event_id" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="userObmByEventalertUsercreate" class="com.tomsync.vo.UserObm" update="false" insert="false" fetch="select">
            <column name="eventalert_usercreate" />
        </many-to-one>

        <!--移到外面-->
        <property name="eventalertDuration" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="eventalert_duration"></column>
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>