c++ 继承案例分析

studenti.h 文件

// studenti.h -- defining a Student class using private inheritance
#ifndef STUDENTC_H_
#define STUDENTC_H_

#include <iostream>
#include <valarray>
#include <string>   
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class Student : private std::string, private std::valarray<double>
{   
private:
    typedef std::valarray<double> ArrayDb;
    // private method for scores output
    std::ostream & arr_out(std::ostream & os) const;
public:
    Student() : std::string("Null Student"), ArrayDb() {cout << 11 << endl;}
    explicit Student(const std::string & s)
            : std::string(s), ArrayDb() {cout << 12 << endl;}
    explicit Student(int n) : std::string("Nully"), ArrayDb(n) {cout << 13 << endl;}
    Student(const std::string & s, int n)
            : std::string(s), ArrayDb(n) {cout << 14 << endl;}
    Student(const std::string & s, const ArrayDb & a)
            : std::string(s), ArrayDb(a) {cout << 15 << endl;}
    Student(const char * str, const double * pd, int n)
            : std::string(str), ArrayDb(pd, n) {cout << 16 << endl;}
    ~Student() {}
    double Average() const;
    double & operator[](int i);
    double operator[](int i) const;
    const std::string & Name() const;
// friends
    // input
    friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is,
                                     Student & stu);  // 1 word
    friend std::istream & getline(std::istream & is,
                                  Student & stu);     // 1 line
    // output
    friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os,
                                     const Student & stu);
};

#endif
 

studenti.cpp 文件

// studenti.cpp -- Student class using private inheritance
#include "studenti.h"
using std::ostream;
using std::endl;
using std::istream;
using std::string;

// public methods
double Student::Average() const
{
    if (ArrayDb::size() > 0)
        return ArrayDb::sum()/ArrayDb::size();  
    else
        return 0;
}

const string & Student::Name() const
{

//因为Student继承string，所以可以这样。
    return (const string &) *this;
}

double & Student::operator[](int i)
{
    cout << 17 << endl;
    return ArrayDb::operator[](i);         // use ArrayDb::operator[]()
}

double Student::operator[](int i) const
{
    cout << 18 << endl;
    return ArrayDb::operator[](i);
}

// private method
ostream & Student::arr_out(ostream & os) const
{
    int i;
    int lim = ArrayDb::size();
    if (lim > 0)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < lim; i++)
        {

          //打印 5个成绩
            os << ArrayDb::operator[](i) << " ";
            if (i % 5 == 4)
                os << endl;
        }
        if (i % 5 != 0)
            os << endl;
    }
    else
        os << " empty array ";
    return os; 
}

// friends
// use String version of operator>>()
istream & operator>>(istream & is, Student & stu)
{
    cout << 19 << endl;
    is >> (string &)stu;
    return is; 
}

// use string friend getline(ostream &, const string &)
istream & getline(istream & is, Student & stu)
{
    cout << 20 << endl;

 //这里会把字符串liujun保存到对象stu中，因为该对象继承String
    getline(is, (string &)stu);
    return is;
}

// use string version of operator<<()
ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const Student & stu)
{
    cout << 21 << endl;

    //下面这一行打印liujun
    os << "Scores for " << (const string &) stu  << ":\n";
    stu.arr_out(os);  // use private method for scores
    return os;
}
 

use_stui.cpp文件

// use_stui.cpp -- using a class with private inheritance
// compile with studenti.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "studenti.h"
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void set(Student & sa, int n);

const int pupils = 1;
const int quizzes = 5;

int main()
{
    Student ada[pupils] = 

      //下面这一行，会执行构造函数 

     //explicit Student(int n) : std::string("Nully"), ArrayDb(n) {cout << 13 << endl;}
        {Student(quizzes)};

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < pupils; i++)
       set(ada[i], quizzes);
       cout << "\nStudent List:\n";
   for (i = 0; i < pupils; ++i)

    //打印先前输入的liujun
       cout << ada[i].Name() << endl;
   cout << "\nResults:";
   for (i = 0; i < pupils; i++)
   {
       cout << endl << ada[i];

      打印平均成绩
       cout << "average: " << ada[i].Average() << endl;
   }
    cout << "Done.\n";
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

void set(Student & sa, int n)
{
    cout << "Please enter the student's name: ";

// 这里会接受输入的字符串比方liujun
    getline(cin, sa);
    cout << "Please enter " << n << " quiz scores:\n";

   //循环5次
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

     //这种写法有些困惑，实际上把输入的数字存储到sa对象下的成员ArrayDb
        cin >> sa[i];//数组，所以要执行 double & Student::operator[](int i) 方法
    while (cin.get() != '\n')
        continue; 
}