最近微软亚洲研究院的人立方关系搜索新发布了几个Silverlight的应用,包括关系图搜索,六度搜索和新闻时间轴。相信其绚丽的界面效果和赏心悦目的动画给大家留下了深刻印象。这里,我就尝试和大家一起来对这些应用进行揭谜,着重探讨siliverlight中三种定制控件外观的方法:
1) 在代码里面设置控件的风格
这种方法只能对控件的外观做一些简单的,轻量级的修改。比如这个半透明的矩形框:
我们只需要在代码里面这样写:
<Rectangle Fill="White" Opacity="0.1" Height="75" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="1" Margin="0,0,0,100" Width="20000"/>
其中Opacity属性就是设置矩形框的透明度,这里设为0.1,使其非常透明。可惜的是,这个矩形框在后来的设计中去掉了L
2) 把控件的风格写成资源文件
很多情况下,上面的方法就够用了。但是有时我们会遇到这样的情况:我们需要给多个控件设置类似的属性。仍然以上面的矩形框为例子,那代码就会是这样:
<Rectangle Fill="White" Opacity="0.1" Height="75" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="1" Margin="0,0,0,100" Width="2000"/>
<Rectangle Fill="White" Opacity="0.2" Height="75" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="1" Margin="0,0,0,100" Width="2000"/>
<Rectangle Fill="White" Opacity="0.3" Height="75" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="1" Margin="0,0,0,100" Width="2000"/>
<Rectangle Fill="White" Opacity="0.4" Height="75" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="1" Margin="0,0,0,100" Width="2000"/>
……
有没有简单清晰的做法呢?有的!
我们仍然以六度搜索界面中的控件为例子:
图中白色的矩形框显示了两个人物之间的关系来源。 现在我们来设置其中黄色框中的两个名字的显示属性。它是一个TextBlock控件,代码里面我们这样写:
<TextBlock x:Name="textBlock" Text="{Binding Path=TitleB}" Style="{StaticResource TitleBlock}"/>
这个TextBlock的风格指向了名为”TitleBlock”的资源,其定义为:
<Style x:Key="TitleBlock" TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Microsoft YaHei"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>
<Setter Property="Grid.Row" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="Grid.Column" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="Grid.ColumnSpan" Value="1"/>
</Style>
这样,多个控件可以共享这个名为“TitleBlock”的资源。我们可以通过修改这个资源文件,从而轻易的修改多个控件的外观。
3) 重写控件的模板
有时我们不得不面对复杂一些的情况:
请看图中黄色椭圆框中的控件,它们都是Button控件,但是其外观被完全改头换面了。我会选取其中三个控件作为例子在这里谈一谈:
3.1 箭头按钮
这个按钮的外形是个三角形,其定义为:
<Button x:Name="arrowUp" Canvas.Top="9" Canvas.Left="15" Canvas.ZIndex="99" Style="{StaticResource ArrowUpButton}" Click="ArrayUp_Click"/>
它的Style指向了:
<Style x:Key="ArrowUpButton" TargetType="Button">
<Setter Property="Cursor" Value="Hand"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
<Grid>
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Focused"/>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
<VisualState x:Name="MouseOver"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Pressed"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Disabled"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<Polygon
Points="0,5 5,0 10,5 0,5"
Stroke="White"
StrokeThickness="0">
<Polygon.Fill>
<SolidColorBrush Color="White" Opacity="1"/>
</Polygon.Fill>
</Polygon>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
我们可以看到,这个控件的“内部”被放入了一个Polygon控件,所以这个箭头按钮会呈现这个Polygon所描绘的三角形。
3.2 圆圈按钮
那么如果想做这个具有人立方特色的圆圈按钮,其步骤就可以分为如下几步:
3.2.1 把多个Ellipse控件封装到Button控件中
<Grid Height="auto" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="auto" IsHitTestVisible="True" Background="{x:Null}">
<Ellipse Margin="0,0,0,0" Stroke="{x:Null}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="{TemplateBinding CircleButtonWidth1}" Height="{TemplateBinding CircleButtonHeight1}" IsHitTestVisible="False" x:Name="ellipse1" Fill="{TemplateBinding Ellipse1Fill}">
</Ellipse>
<Grid Margin="0,0,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Width="1024" Height="1024" VerticalAlignment="Center" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" x:Name="grid" Opacity="1" Background="{x:Null}" IsHitTestVisible="True">
<Ellipse Fill="{TemplateBinding Ellipse2Fill}" Stroke="{TemplateBinding Ellipse2Stroke}" Margin="0,0,0,0" Width="{TemplateBinding CircleButtonWidth2}" Height="{TemplateBinding CircleButtonHeight2}" x:Name="ellipse2" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
</Ellipse>
<Ellipse Margin="2,2,2,2" Fill="{TemplateBinding Ellipse3Fill}" Width="{TemplateBinding CircleButtonWidth3}" Height="{TemplateBinding CircleButtonHeight3}" x:Name="ellipse3" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
</Ellipse>
<TextBlock Margin="0,0,0,0" FontFamily="Microsoft YaHei" FontSize="{TemplateBinding FontSize}" Foreground="#FFFFFFFF" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" x:Name="textBlock" Text="{TemplateBinding Content}" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" IsHitTestVisible="False">
</TextBlock>
</Grid>
</Grid>
3.2.2 注册一些属性,使得我们可以在代码里面动态的设置它们:
/// <summary>
/// The ellipse1 fill.
/// </summary>
public Brush Ellipse1Fill
{
get
{
return (Brush)base.GetValue(Ellipse1FillProperty);
}
set
{
base.SetValue(Ellipse1FillProperty, value);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Register property.
/// </summary>
public static readonly DependencyProperty Ellipse1FillProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Ellipse1Fill", typeof(Brush), typeof(CircleButton), null);
这里我们就注册了名为Ellipse1Fill的属性,于是就可以设置它的值:
3.2.3 给其中部分Ellipse控件加上合适的storyboard,来处理鼠标的MouseOver事件
<VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:00.0010000" Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleX)">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00" Value="1.5"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:00.0010000" Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleY)">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00" Value="1.5"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:00.0010000" Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse3" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleX)">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00" Value="1.5"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:00.0010000" Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse3" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleY)">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00" Value="1.5"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:00.0010000" Storyboard.TargetName="textBlock" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleX)">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00" Value="1.5"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:00.0010000" Storyboard.TargetName="textBlock" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[0].(ScaleTransform.ScaleY)">
<SplineDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="00:00:00" Value="1.5"/>
</DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
这样,这个具有人立方特色的圆圈按钮就完成了。
3.3 线段按钮
人立方的silverlight应用里面还有这样的线段按钮,它很细,但是很容易被鼠标点击到,具有很好的用户体验。其制作步骤也是类似的:
3.3.1. 封装两个Path控件到Button控件中:
a) 一个用来处理鼠标的Mouse over事件
<Path x:Name="outerPath" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="10" Data="{TemplateBinding OuterPathData}" Opacity="0"></Path>
b) 一个用来显示这条线段
<Path x:Name="path" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="1" Data="{TemplateBinding PathData}" Opacity="{TemplateBinding Opacity}"></Path>
3.3.2. 注册Path的Data属性
public Geometry PathData
{
get
{
return (Geometry)base.GetValue(PathDataProperty);
}
set
{
base.SetValue(PathDataProperty, value);
}
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty PathDataProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("PathData", typeof(Geometry), typeof(PathButton), null);
3.3.3. Path控件的Data属性设置为特殊的贝赛尔曲线,使得整个关系图看起来更具有立体感。
this.PathData = CreatePathData();
private PathGeometry CreatePathData()
{
PathGeometry pathGeometry = new PathGeometry();
PathFigure pathFigure = new PathFigure();
pathFigure.StartPoint = leftPoint;
pathGeometry.Figures.Add(pathFigure);
Point midPoint = To2D.getPoint(leftPoint, rightPoint, centerPoint);
QuadraticBezierSegment arcs = new QuadraticBezierSegment();
arcs.Point1 = midPoint;
arcs.Point2 = rightPoint;
pathFigure.Segments.Add(arcs);
return pathGeometry;
}
3.3.4. 加入对应的storyboard
DoubleAnimation opacity = new DoubleAnimation();
opacity.From = 0;
opacity.To = endOpacity;
opacity.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
Storyboard story = new Storyboard();
story.Children.Add(opacity);
Storyboard.SetTarget(opacity, this);
Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(opacity, new PropertyPath("(UIElement.Opacity)"));
story.BeginTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(beginTime);
story.Completed += new EventHandler(AppearStory_Completed);
story.Begin();
使得当鼠标hover到线段按钮上时,整条线段变亮。
结束语:
怎么样?Silverlight够简单够好用吧?我这里只是抛砖引玉,相信你在把silverlight应用到实际项目中时,会进一步体会到它的魅力^_^