Q_GLOBAL_STATIC宏

目的

由Q_GLOBAL_STATIC宏， 引发的基于线程安全的Qt 单例模式的使用。

Q_GLOBAL_STATIC

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#include <QtCore/qglobal.h>

#ifndef QGLOBALSTATIC_H
#define QGLOBALSTATIC_H

#include <QtCore/qatomic.h>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

namespace QtGlobalStatic {
enum GuardValues {
    Destroyed = -2,
    Initialized = -1,
    Uninitialized = 0,
    Initializing = 1
};
}

#if !QT_CONFIG(thread) || defined(Q_COMPILER_THREADSAFE_STATICS)
// some compilers support thread-safe statics
// The IA-64 C++ ABI requires this, so we know that all GCC versions since 3.4
// support it. C++11 also requires this behavior.
// Clang and Intel CC masquerade as GCC when compiling on Linux.
//
// Apple's libc++abi however uses a global lock for initializing local statics,
// which will block other threads also trying to initialize a local static
// until the constructor returns ...
// We better avoid these kind of problems by using our own locked implementation.

#if defined(Q_OS_UNIX) && defined(Q_CC_INTEL)
// Work around Intel issue ID 6000058488:
// local statics inside an inline function inside an anonymous namespace are global
// symbols (this affects the IA-64 C++ ABI, so OS X and Linux only)
#  define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL_DECORATION Q_DECL_HIDDEN
#else
#  define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL_DECORATION Q_DECL_HIDDEN inline
#endif

#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL(ARGS)                          \
    Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL_DECORATION Type *innerFunction()   \
    {                                                           \
        struct HolderBase {                                     \
            ~HolderBase() noexcept                        \
            { if (guard.loadRelaxed() == QtGlobalStatic::Initialized)  \
                  guard.storeRelaxed(QtGlobalStatic::Destroyed); }     \
        };                                                      \
        static struct Holder : public HolderBase {              \
            Type value;                                         \
            Holder()                                            \
                noexcept(noexcept(Type ARGS))       \
                : value ARGS                                    \
            { guard.storeRelaxed(QtGlobalStatic::Initialized); }       \
        } holder;                                               \
        return &holder.value;                                   \
    }
#else
// We don't know if this compiler supports thread-safe global statics
// so use our own locked implementation

QT_END_NAMESPACE
#include <QtCore/qmutex.h>
#include <mutex>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL(ARGS)                                  \
    Q_DECL_HIDDEN inline Type *innerFunction()                          \
    {                                                                   \
        static Type *d;                                                 \
        static QBasicMutex mutex;                                       \
        int x = guard.loadAcquire();                                    \
        if (Q_UNLIKELY(x >= QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized)) {           \
            const std::lock_guard<QBasicMutex> locker(mutex);           \
            if (guard.loadRelaxed() == QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized) {        \
                d = new Type ARGS;                                      \
                static struct Cleanup {                                 \
                    ~Cleanup() {                                        \
                        delete d;                                       \
                        guard.storeRelaxed(QtGlobalStatic::Destroyed);         \
                    }                                                   \
                } cleanup;                                              \
                guard.storeRelease(QtGlobalStatic::Initialized);        \
            }                                                           \
        }                                                               \
        return d;                                                       \
    }
#endif

// this class must be POD, unless the compiler supports thread-safe statics
template <typename T, T *(&innerFunction)(), QBasicAtomicInt &guard>
struct QGlobalStatic
{
    typedef T Type;

    bool isDestroyed() const { return guard.loadRelaxed() <= QtGlobalStatic::Destroyed; }
    bool exists() const { return guard.loadRelaxed() == QtGlobalStatic::Initialized; }
    operator Type *() { if (isDestroyed()) return nullptr; return innerFunction(); }
    Type *operator()() { if (isDestroyed()) return nullptr; return innerFunction(); }
    Type *operator->()
    {
      Q_ASSERT_X(!isDestroyed(), "Q_GLOBAL_STATIC", "The global static was used after being destroyed");
      return innerFunction();
    }
    Type &operator*()
    {
      Q_ASSERT_X(!isDestroyed(), "Q_GLOBAL_STATIC", "The global static was used after being destroyed");
      return *innerFunction();
    }
};

#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(TYPE, NAME, ARGS)                         \
    namespace { namespace Q_QGS_ ## NAME {                                  \
        typedef TYPE Type;                                                  \
        QBasicAtomicInt guard = Q_BASIC_ATOMIC_INITIALIZER(QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized); \
        Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL(ARGS)                                      \
    } }                                                                     \
    static QGlobalStatic<TYPE,                                              \
                         Q_QGS_ ## NAME::innerFunction,                     \
                         Q_QGS_ ## NAME::guard> NAME;


#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(TYPE, NAME)                                         \
    Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(TYPE, NAME, ())

QT_END_NAMESPACE
#endif // QGLOBALSTATIC_H

源代码分析

Q_GLOBAL_STATIC
用于定义全局静态变量

#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(TYPE, NAME)                                         \
    Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(TYPE, NAME, ())

Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS
带有参数的全局静态变量宏
在匿名命名空间内定义了命名空间Q_QGS_ ## NAME，该命名空间内定义了

• 类型：typedef TYPE Type
• 原子操作变量：QBasicAtomicInt guard 初始化QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized
• 内联函数：Type *innerFunction()

通过类模板QGlobalStatic来定义全局静态变量 NAME

#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(TYPE, NAME, ARGS)                         \
    namespace { namespace Q_QGS_ ## NAME {                                  \
        typedef TYPE Type;                                                  \
        QBasicAtomicInt guard = Q_BASIC_ATOMIC_INITIALIZER(QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized); \
        Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL(ARGS)                                      \
    } }                                                                     \
    static QGlobalStatic<TYPE,                                              \
                         Q_QGS_ ## NAME::innerFunction,                     \
                         Q_QGS_ ## NAME::guard> NAME;

内联函数innerFunction

enum GuardValues {
    Destroyed = -2,
    Initialized = -1,
    Uninitialized = 0,
    Initializing = 1
};


#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL(ARGS)                          \
    Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL_DECORATION Type *innerFunction()   \
    {                                                           \
        struct HolderBase {                                     \
            ~HolderBase() noexcept                        \
            { if (guard.loadRelaxed() == QtGlobalStatic::Initialized)  \
                  guard.storeRelaxed(QtGlobalStatic::Destroyed); }     \
        };                                                      \
        static struct Holder : public HolderBase {              \
            Type value;                                         \
            Holder()                                            \
                noexcept(noexcept(Type ARGS))       \
                : value ARGS                                    \
            { guard.storeRelaxed(QtGlobalStatic::Initialized); }       \
        } holder;                                               \
        return &holder.value;                                   \
    }
#else
// We don't know if this compiler supports thread-safe global statics
// so use our own locked implementation

QT_END_NAMESPACE
#include <QtCore/qmutex.h>
#include <mutex>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
采用双重检查方式来初始化全局静态变量
#define Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_INTERNAL(ARGS)                                  \
    Q_DECL_HIDDEN inline Type *innerFunction()                          \
    {                                                                   \
        static Type *d;                                                 \
        static QBasicMutex mutex;                                       \
        int x = guard.loadAcquire();                                    \
        if (Q_UNLIKELY(x >= QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized)) {           \
            const std::lock_guard<QBasicMutex> locker(mutex);           \
            if (guard.loadRelaxed() == QtGlobalStatic::Uninitialized) {        \
                d = new Type ARGS;                                      \
                static struct Cleanup {                                 \
                    ~Cleanup() {                                        \
                        delete d;                                       \
                        guard.storeRelaxed(QtGlobalStatic::Destroyed);         \
                    }                                                   \
                } cleanup;                                              \
                guard.storeRelease(QtGlobalStatic::Initialized);        \
            }                                                           \
        }                                                               \
        return d;                                                       \
    }
#endif

涉及到原子操作 以及静态变量初始化顺序

atomic
atomic_load与atomic_store

Load是C++11标准的介绍
用于原子访问全局和静态变量的新加载和存储操作。
load操作可以保证多线程环境下全局变量和静态变量的原子加载，
避免数据竞争和线程不安全问题

静态变量初始化顺序

• 全局变量初始化在主函数之前
• 静态局部变量初始化在第一次调用这个静态局部变量时

代码实现

mainwindow.h

    static MainWindow* getInstance();

mainwindow.cpp

 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(MainWindow,mainwindow)
 static MainWindow* MainWindow::getInstance(){
    return mainwindow();   
}