linux网络编程示例

1 Internet domain stream socket

1.1 Internet domain stream socket server（single process model）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h> 
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
     int sockfd, newsockfd, portno;
     socklen_t clilen;
     char buffer[256];
     struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
     int n;
     if (argc < 2) {
         fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no port provided\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if (sockfd < 0) 
        error("ERROR opening socket");
     bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
     portno = atoi(argv[1]);
     serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
     serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
     serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
     if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr,
              sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) 
              error("ERROR on binding");
     listen(sockfd,5);
     while(1)
     {
         clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
         printf("Before accept...\n");
         newsockfd = accept(sockfd, 
             (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, 
             &clilen);
         printf("After accept...\n");
         if (newsockfd < 0) 
          error("ERROR on accept");
         bzero(buffer,256);
         n = read(newsockfd,buffer,255);
         if (n < 0) error("ERROR reading from socket");
         if(!memcmp(buffer, "goodbye", strlen("goodbye")))
             {
                  break;
             }
         printf("Here is the message: %s\n",buffer);
         n = write(newsockfd,"I got your message",18);
         if (n < 0) error("ERROR writing to socket");
     }
     close(newsockfd);
     close(sockfd);
     return 0; 
}

1.2 Internet domain stream socket server（multiple process model and avoid zombiee process）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h> 
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <signal.h>

void dostuff(int); /* function prototype */
void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(1);
}

void chld_handler(int sig)
{
    pid_t my_pid;
    while((my_pid = waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG)) > 0)
    {
        printf("child is died, parent take care of it:%d\n", my_pid);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
     int sockfd, newsockfd, portno, pid;
     socklen_t clilen;
     struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;

     if (argc < 2) {
         fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no port provided\n");
         exit(1);
     }
     signal(SIGCHLD, chld_handler);
     sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if (sockfd < 0) 
        error("ERROR opening socket");
     bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
     portno = atoi(argv[1]);
     serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
     serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
     serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
     if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr,
              sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) 
              error("ERROR on binding");
     listen(sockfd,5);
     clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
     while (1) {
         newsockfd = accept(sockfd, 
               (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &clilen);
         if (newsockfd < 0) 
             error("ERROR on accept");
         pid = fork();
         if (pid < 0)
             error("ERROR on fork");
         if (pid == 0)  {
             close(sockfd);
             dostuff(newsockfd);
             exit(0);
         }
         else close(newsockfd);
     } /* end of while */
     close(sockfd);
     return 0; /* we never get here */
}

void dostuff (int sock)
{
   int n;
   char buffer[256];

   bzero(buffer,256);
   n = read(sock,buffer,255);
   if (n < 0) error("ERROR reading from socket");
   printf("Here is the message: %s\n",buffer);
   n = write(sock,"I got your message",18);
   if (n < 0) error("ERROR writing to socket");
}

1.3 Internet domain stream socket client

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h> 

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int sockfd, portno, n;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    struct hostent *server;

    char buffer[256];
    if (argc < 3) {
       fprintf(stderr,"usage %s hostname port\n", argv[0]);
       exit(0);
    }
    portno = atoi(argv[2]);
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sockfd < 0) 
        error("ERROR opening socket");
    server = gethostbyname(argv[1]);
    if (server == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no such host\n");
        exit(0);
    }else{
        printf("the host is:h_name:%s\n",server->h_name); 
    }
    bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    bcopy((char *)server->h_addr, 
         (char *)&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr,
         server->h_length);
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
    if (connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) 
        error("ERROR connecting");
    printf("Please enter the message: ");
    bzero(buffer,256);
    fgets(buffer,255,stdin);
    n = write(sockfd,buffer,strlen(buffer));
    if (n < 0) 
         error("ERROR writing to socket");
    bzero(buffer,256);
    n = read(sockfd,buffer,255);
    if (n < 0) 
         error("ERROR reading from socket");
    printf("%s\n",buffer);
    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}

2 Internet domain datagram socket

2.1 Internet domain datagram socket server

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int sock, length, n;
   socklen_t fromlen;
   struct sockaddr_in server;
   struct sockaddr_in from;
   char buf[1024];

   if (argc < 2) {
      fprintf(stderr, "ERROR, no port provided\n");
      exit(0);
   }

   sock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
   if (sock < 0) error("Opening socket");
   length = sizeof(server);
   bzero(&server,length);
   server.sin_family=AF_INET;
   server.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
   server.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));
   if (bind(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&server,length)<0) 
       error("binding");
   fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
   while (1) {
       printf("Before recvfrom function call.\n");
       n = recvfrom(sock,buf,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen);
       printf("After recvfrom function call,n=%d.\n", n);
       if (n < 0) error("recvfrom");
       write(1,"Received a datagram: ",21);
       write(1,buf,n);
       n = sendto(sock,"Got your message\n",17,
                  0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,fromlen);
       if (n  < 0) error("sendto");
   }
   return 0;
 }

2.2 Internet domain datagram socket client

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

void error(const char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int sock, n;
   unsigned int length;
   struct sockaddr_in server, from;
   struct hostent *hp;
   char buffer[256];

   if (argc != 3) { printf("Usage: server port\n");
                    exit(1);
   }
   sock= socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
   if (sock < 0) error("socket");

   server.sin_family = AF_INET;
   hp = gethostbyname(argv[1]);
   if (hp==0) error("Unknown host");

   bcopy((char *)hp->h_addr, 
        (char *)&server.sin_addr,
         hp->h_length);
   server.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
   length=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
   printf("Please enter the message: ");
   bzero(buffer,256);
   fgets(buffer,255,stdin);
   n=sendto(sock,buffer,
            strlen(buffer),0,(const struct sockaddr *)&server,length);
   if (n < 0) error("Sendto");
   n = recvfrom(sock,buffer,256,0,(struct sockaddr *)&from, &length);
   if (n < 0) error("recvfrom");
   write(1,"Got an ack: ",12);
   write(1,buffer,n);
   close(sock);
   return 0;
}

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}

3 unix domain stream socket

3.1 unix domain stream socket server

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void error(const char *);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int sockfd, newsockfd, servlen, n;
   socklen_t clilen;
   struct sockaddr_un  cli_addr, serv_addr;
   char buf[80];

   if ((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX,SOCK_STREAM,0)) < 0)
       error("creating socket");
   bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
   serv_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
   strcpy(serv_addr.sun_path, argv[1]);
   servlen=strlen(serv_addr.sun_path) + 
                     sizeof(serv_addr.sun_family);
   if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,servlen)<0)
       error("binding socket"); 

   listen(sockfd,5);
   clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
   newsockfd = accept(
        sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr,&clilen);
   if (newsockfd < 0) 
        error("accepting");
   n=read(newsockfd,buf,80);
   printf("A connection has been established\n");
   write(1,buf,n);
   write(newsockfd,"I got your message\n",19);
   close(newsockfd);
   close(sockfd);
   unlink(argv[1]);
   return 0;
}

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}

3.2 unix domain stream socket client

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void error(const char *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int sockfd, servlen,n;
   struct sockaddr_un  serv_addr;
   char buffer[82];

   bzero((char *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
   serv_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
   strcpy(serv_addr.sun_path, argv[1]);
   servlen = strlen(serv_addr.sun_path) + 
                 sizeof(serv_addr.sun_family);
   if ((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM,0)) < 0)
       error("Creating socket");
   if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) 
                         &serv_addr, servlen) < 0)
       error("Connecting");
   printf("Please enter your message: ");
   bzero(buffer,82);
   fgets(buffer,80,stdin);
   write(sockfd,buffer,strlen(buffer));
   n=read(sockfd,buffer,80);
   printf("The return message was\n");
   write(1,buffer,n);
   close(sockfd);
   return 0;
}

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}