Spring 安装、配置、REST开发

网上搜了好久没有找到一个完整的Spring配置与开发教程，折腾了半天才搞定，下面把成果记录下来，如有谬误，还请读者朋友们及时指出，以免误导其它人。

注意，这个过程最终弄出来的是一个最简单的REST Service。

1. 安装或下载
   * jdk
   * springsource-tool-suite-2.9.2.RELEASE-e3.7.2-win32-x86_64.zip
   * apache-tomcat-7.0.28-windows-x64.zip
   * spring-framework-3.1.1.RELEASE.zip
   * spring-framework-3.1.0.CI-1162-dependencies.zip
   
2. 配置文件
   * New "Dynamic Web Project", spring-books
   * 新建 WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml 并添加内容 (见后面)
   * 新建 WebContent/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml 并添加内容
   * 新建 WebContent/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml 并添加内容

3. 配置jar
   * 把 spring-framework-VERSION.zip 中的部分jar复制到 WebContent/WEB-INF/lib下 (后面有列表)
   * 把第三方jar放到 WebContent/WEB-INF/lib 下
   * 如果需要输出json，还需要json库

4. 编码
   * src/com/springbooks/Book.java
   * src/com/springbooks/BookServiceProvider.java

5. 验证
   * 在 restclient (firefox插件) 中输入 http://localhost:8080/spring-books/rest/book/a
   * Headers 中的 Accept 设置为 "application/xml" 或者 "application/json"

附件：

============================================================================
[web.xml]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

============================================================================
[applicationContext.xml]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- Activates various annotations to be detected in bean classes -->
    <context:annotation-config/>
    
    <!-- Scans the classpath for annotated components that will be auto-registered as Spring beans. For example @Controller and @Service. Make sure to set the correct base-package-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springbooks"/>
    
    <!-- Configures the annotation-driven Spring MVC Controller programming model. Note that, with Spring 3.0, this tag works in Servlet MVC only!  -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
</beans>

============================================================================
[spring-servlet.xml]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
    
    <!-- Declare a view resolver -->
    <!-- bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
        p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp"/ -->
    
</beans>

============================================================================
[spring 的 jar]

org.springframework.aop-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.asm-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context.support-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar

============================================================================
[第三方 jar]

aopalliance.jar
aspectjrt.jar
aspectjweaver.jar
commons-logging-1.1.jar

============================================================================
[json jar]

com.springsource.org.codehaus.jackson.mapper-1.4.2.jar
com.springsource.org.codehaus.jackson-1.4.2.jar