二、kernel_启动流程

一、内核启动

1、启动入口文件（arch/arm/kernel/hand.S）

1、获取cpu信息
ENTRY(stext)
	setmode	PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE, r9 @ ensure svc mode
						@ and irqs disabled
	mrc	p15, 0, r9, c0, c0		@ get processor id
	bl	__lookup_processor_type		@ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
	movs	r10, r5				@ invalid processor (r5=0)?
	beq	__error_p			@ yes, error 'p'
	bl	__lookup_machine_type		@ r5=machinfo
	movs	r8, r5				@ invalid machine (r5=0)?
	beq	__error_a			@ yes, error 'a'
	bl	__vet_atags
	bl	__create_page_tables


	.align	2
3:	.long	__proc_info_begin
	.long	__proc_info_end
4:	.long	.
	.long	__arch_info_begin
	.long	__arch_info_end

/*
 * Lookup machine architecture in the linker-build list of architectures.
 * Note that we can't use the absolute addresses for the __arch_info
 * lists since we aren't running with the MMU on (and therefore, we are
 * not in the correct address space).  We have to calculate the offset.
 *
 *  r1 = machine architecture number
 * Returns:
 *  r3, r4, r6 corrupted
 *  r5 = mach_info pointer in physical address space
 */
__lookup_machine_type:
	adr	r3, 4b                        @r3 = 地址：4b
	ldmia	r3, {r4, r5, r6}          @读取r3地址数据到r4，r5，r6
                                r4 = .
                                r5 = __arch_info_begin    (链接脚本：.arch.info.init)
                                r6 = __arch_info_end

	sub	r3, r3, r4			@ get offset between virt&phys
	add	r5, r5, r3			@ convert virt addresses to
	add	r6, r6, r3			@ physical address space
1:	ldr	r3, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE]	@ get machine type
	teq	r3, r1				@ matches loader number?
	beq	2f				@ found
	add	r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC	@ next machine_desc
	cmp	r5, r6
	blo	1b
	mov	r5, #0				@ unknown machine
2:	mov	pc, lr
ENDPROC(__lookup_machine_type)


2、.arch.info.init内容
MACHINE_START(S3C2440, "SMDK2440")
	/* Maintainer: Ben Dooks <ben@fluff.org> */
	.phys_io	= S3C2410_PA_UART,
	.io_pg_offst	= (((u32)S3C24XX_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
	.boot_params	= S3C2410_SDRAM_PA + 0x100,

	.init_irq	= s3c24xx_init_irq,
	.map_io		= smdk2440_map_io,
	.init_machine	= smdk2440_machine_init,
	.timer		= &s3c24xx_timer,
MACHINE_END


#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name)			\
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type	\
 __used							\
 __attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = {	\
	.nr		= MACH_TYPE_##_type,		\
	.name		= _name,

#define MACHINE_END				\
};

展开：		\
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_S3C2440	\
 __used							\
 __attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = {	\
	.nr		= MACH_TYPE_S3C2440,		\
	.name		= "SMDK2440",
    .phys_io	= S3C2410_PA_UART,
	.io_pg_offst	= (((u32)S3C24XX_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
	.boot_params	= S3C2410_SDRAM_PA + 0x100,

	.init_irq	= s3c24xx_init_irq,
	.map_io		= smdk2440_map_io,
	.init_machine	= smdk2440_machine_init,
	.timer		= &s3c24xx_timer,
};
结构体原型
struct machine_desc {
	/*
	 * Note! The first four elements are used
	 * by assembler code in head.S, head-common.S
	 */
	unsigned int		nr;		/* architecture number	*/
	unsigned int		phys_io;	/* start of physical io	*/
	unsigned int		io_pg_offst;	/* byte offset for io 
						 * page tabe entry	*/

	const char		*name;		/* architecture name	*/
	unsigned long		boot_params;	/* tagged list		*/

	unsigned int		video_start;	/* start of video RAM	*/
	unsigned int		video_end;	/* end of video RAM	*/

	unsigned int		reserve_lp0 :1;	/* never has lp0	*/
	unsigned int		reserve_lp1 :1;	/* never has lp1	*/
	unsigned int		reserve_lp2 :1;	/* never has lp2	*/
	unsigned int		soft_reboot :1;	/* soft reboot		*/
	void			(*fixup)(struct machine_desc *,
					 struct tag *, char **,
					 struct meminfo *);
	void			(*map_io)(void);/* IO mapping function	*/
	void			(*init_irq)(void);
	struct sys_timer	*timer;		/* system tick timer	*/
	void			(*init_machine)(void);
};

3、跳转__switch_data
ldr	r13, __switch_data		@ address to jump to after

< arch/arm/kernel/head-common.S >
__switch_data:
	.long	__mmap_switched
	.long	__data_loc			@ r4
	.long	_data				@ r5
	.long	__bss_start			@ r6
	.long	_end				@ r7
	.long	processor_id			@ r4
	.long	__machine_arch_type		@ r5
	.long	__atags_pointer			@ r6
	.long	cr_alignment			@ r7
	.long	init_thread_union + THREAD_START_SP @ sp

/*
 * The following fragment of code is executed with the MMU on in MMU mode,
 * and uses absolute addresses; this is not position independent.
 *
 *  r0  = cp#15 control register
 *  r1  = machine ID
 *  r2  = atags pointer
 *  r9  = processor ID
 */
__mmap_switched:
	adr	r3, __switch_data + 4

	ldmia	r3!, {r4, r5, r6, r7}
	cmp	r4, r5				@ Copy data segment if needed
1:	cmpne	r5, r6
	ldrne	fp, [r4], #4
	strne	fp, [r5], #4
	bne	1b

	mov	fp, #0				@ Clear BSS (and zero fp)
1:	cmp	r6, r7
	strcc	fp, [r6],#4
	bcc	1b

 ARM(	ldmia	r3, {r4, r5, r6, r7, sp})
 THUMB(	ldmia	r3, {r4, r5, r6, r7}	)
 THUMB(	ldr	sp, [r3, #16]		)
	str	r9, [r4]			@ Save processor ID
	str	r1, [r5]			@ Save machine type
	str	r2, [r6]			@ Save atags pointer
	bic	r4, r0, #CR_A			@ Clear 'A' bit
	stmia	r7, {r0, r4}			@ Save control register values
	b	start_kernel
ENDPROC(__mmap_switched)

2、start_kernel（c语言函数）

4、跳转start_kernel
< init/main.c >
asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
{
...
    处理uboot传递的参数
    setup_arch(&command_line);
< arch/arm/kernel/Setup.c >
void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) {}
	setup_command_line(command_line);
...
    rest_init();
}

5、rest_init
< init/main.c >
static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
{
...
    调用kernel_init函数
    kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
...
}

6、kernel_init
< init/main.c >
static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
{
...
    prepare_namespace();
    init_post();
...
}

7、prepare_namespace
< init/main.c >
void __init prepare_namespace(void)
{
...
    mount_root();    //挂载根文件系统
    
...
}

8、mount_root
< init/do_mounts.c >
void __init mount_root(void)    //挂载根文件系统
{   
}

9、init_post
< init/main.c >
static noinline int init_post(void)
{
...
    执行初始化函数
	run_init_process("/sbin/init");
	run_init_process("/etc/init");
	run_init_process("/bin/init");
	run_init_process("/bin/sh");
...
}

说明：

（1）查看是否支持这个CPU

（2）查看是否支持这个板子

（3）创建页表

（4）是能MMU

（4）跳转至start_kernel

start_kernel        

        setup_arch(&command_line);        解析uboot传入参数

        setup_command_line(command_line);        解析uboot传入参数

        rest_init();

                kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);

                        prepare_namespace();

                                mount_root(); //挂载根文件系统

                        init_post();                           

                                run_init_process("/sbin/init");

                                run_init_process("/etc/init");

                                run_init_process("/bin/init");

                                run_init_process("/bin/sh");

3、根文件挂载过程

bootargs noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
< arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c >
磁盘分区
static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {}


< init/do_mounts.c >
void __init prepare_namespace(void)
{
	int is_floppy;

	if (root_delay) {
		printk(KERN_INFO "Waiting %dsec before mounting root device...\n",
		       root_delay);
		ssleep(root_delay);
	}

	/*
	 * wait for the known devices to complete their probing
	 *
	 * Note: this is a potential source of long boot delays.
	 * For example, it is not atypical to wait 5 seconds here
	 * for the touchpad of a laptop to initialize.
	 */
	wait_for_device_probe();

	md_run_setup();
    解析uboot传入参数 bootargs
	if (saved_root_name[0]) {
		root_device_name = saved_root_name;
		if (!strncmp(root_device_name, "mtd", 3) ||
		    !strncmp(root_device_name, "ubi", 3)) {
			mount_block_root(root_device_name, root_mountflags);
			goto out;
		}
		ROOT_DEV = name_to_dev_t(root_device_name);
		if (strncmp(root_device_name, "/dev/", 5) == 0)
			root_device_name += 5;
	}

	if (initrd_load())
		goto out;

	/* wait for any asynchronous scanning to complete */
	if ((ROOT_DEV == 0) && root_wait) {
		printk(KERN_INFO "Waiting for root device %s...\n",
			saved_root_name);
		while (driver_probe_done() != 0 ||
			(ROOT_DEV = name_to_dev_t(saved_root_name)) == 0)
			msleep(100);
		async_synchronize_full();
	}

	is_floppy = MAJOR(ROOT_DEV) == FLOPPY_MAJOR;

	if (is_floppy && rd_doload && rd_load_disk(0))
		ROOT_DEV = Root_RAM0;

	mount_root();
out:
	devtmpfs_mount("dev");
	sys_mount(".", "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL);
	sys_chroot(".");
}