观察者模式是对象的行为模式,顾名思义,即存在观察者和被观察者。 观察者模式可以让多个观察者同时监听同一个被观察对象,当被观察对象发生变化时,并通知所有观察者,使各个观察者能作出相应的响应。
在java中提供了Observerable类和Observer接口来实现观察者模式。
JAVA 内置的 Observer 类不是一个好的设计。首先,因为 Observable 是一个“类”,则必须设计一个类继承它,如果某类想同时具有 Observable 类和另一个超类的行为,就会陷入两难,这限制了Observale 的复用潜力。其次,Observable 将关键方法 setChange() 方法保护起来,这意味着:除非你继承自 Observable ,否则无法创建 Observable 实例并组合到自己的对象中来,这个设计违法了第二个设计原则:“多用组合,少用继承”。
1、被观察者继承observable
public class WeatherData extends Observable {
private float temperature; //温度
private float humidity; //湿度
private float pressure; //气压
public WeatherData() {}
public void measurementsChanged() {
setChanged();
notifyObservers();
}
public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity,
float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
measurementsChanged();
}
public float getTemperature() {
return temperature;
}
public float getHumidity() {
return humidity;
}
public float getPressure() {
return pressure;
}
}
2、观察者实现Observer接口
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
private Observable observable;
public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Observable observable) {
this.observable = observable;
this.observable.addObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("Current conditions:" + temperature
+ "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity " + pressure
+ " pressure");
}
@Override
public void update(Observable obs, Object arg) {
if(obs instanceof WeatherData){
WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData) obs;
this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity();
this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature();
display();
}
}
}
3、测试类
public class Test {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData wd = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay ccd = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(wd);
wd.setMeasurements(21, 13, 30.4f);
wd.setMeasurements(1, 2, 3f);
}
}