halcon学习笔记——（3）HDevelop language（基本语句）

转载：http://www.cnblogs.com/hanzhaoxin/archive/2013/01/02/2842164.html

1、标准赋值

Ø assign(Input, Result)     //编辑形式，永远都是输入在前，输出在后

   1: assign(sin(x) + cos(y), u)

Ø Result := Input              //代码形式

   1: u := sin(x) + cos(y)    //与之前的assign(sin(x) + cos(y), u)是等价的

2、元组插入赋值

Ø insert(Tuple, NewValue, Index, Tuple)     //编辑形式

   1: Tuple := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

   2: insert(Tuple,0,3,Tuple)

显示结果为：[1, 2, 3,0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Ø Tuple[Index] := NewValue                         //代码形式

   1: Tuple := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

   2: Tuple[3]:=0

显示结果为：[1, 2, 3,0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

例程：

   1: read_image (Mreut, 'mreut')               //读入图像

   2: threshold (Mreut, Region, 190, 255)      //阈值化，输出阈值在190-255的Regions

   3: Areas := []                              //定义数组Areas

   4: for Radius := 1 to 50 by 1               //循环

   5: dilation_circle (Region, RegionDilation, Radius) //利用半径为Radius的圆对Region进行膨胀运算，输出

   6:                                                    //RegionDilation，输出形式仍然为Region。

   7: area_center (RegionDilation, Area, Row, Column) //输出区域的面积和中心像素坐标

   8: Areas[Radius-1] := Area                        //对数组Areas的第Radius-1个元素进行赋值

   9: endfor

3、基本数组操作极其对应的算子

数组操作	说明	对应的算子
t := [t1,t2]	t1,t2连接成新的数组	tuple_concat
i := |t|	得到数组长度	tuple_length
v := t[i]	选取第i个元素0<= i < |t|	tuple_select
t := t[i1:i2]	选取i1到i2的元素	tuple_select_range
t := subset(t,i)	选取数组t中的第i个元素	tuple_select
t := remove(t,i)	去除数组t中的第i个元素	tuple_remove
i := find(t1,t2)	找到t2数组在t1数组中出现位置索引(or -1 if no match)	tuple_find
t := uniq(t)	在t数组中把连续相同的值只保留一个	tuple_uniq

4、创建数组

（1）gen_tuple_const函数

   1: tuple_old := gen_tuple_const(100,666) //创建一个具有100个元素的，每个元素都为666的数组

   2: tuple_new := gen_tuple_const(|tuple_old|,4711) //创建一个和原来数据长度一样的，每个元素为4711的数组

上面的函数也可以通过如下表达式实现：tuple_new := (tuple_old * 0) + 4711

（2）当数组中的元素不同时，需要用循环语句对数组中的每一个元素赋值

例如：

   1: tuple := []  //创建空数组

   2: for i := 1 to 100 by 1  //建立步长为1的循环

   3: tuple := [tuple,i*i]  //将i方的值赋给数组的第i个元素

   4: endfor  //循环结束

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算术运算

Ø a / a division

Ø a % a rest of the integer division

Ø a * a multiplication

Ø v + v addition and concatenation of strings

Ø a - a subtraction

Ø -a negation

位运算

Ø lsh(i,i)             left shift    左移

Ø rsh(i,i)            right shift  右移

Ø i band i          bit-wise and

Ø i bor i             bit-wise or

Ø i bxor i           bit-wise xor

Ø bnot i             bit-wise complement

字符串操作

Ø v$s                       conversion to string //字符串的格式化，有很丰富的参数

Ø v + v                    concatenation of strings and addition

Ø strchr(s,s)           search character in string

Ø strstr(s,s)            search substring

Ø strrchr(s,s)         search character in string (reverse)

Ø strrstr(s,s)          search substring (reverse)

Ø strlen(s)              length of string

Ø s{i}                       selection of one character

Ø s{i:i}                     selection of substring

Ø split(s,s)              splitting to substrings

比较操作符

Ø t < t               less than

Ø t > t               greater than

Ø t <= t            less or equal

Ø t >= t            greater or equal

Ø t = t               equal

Ø t # t               not equal

逻辑操作符

Ø lnot l                     negation

Ø l and l                   logical ’and’

Ø l or l                      logical ’or’

Ø l xor l                    logical ’xor’

数学函数

Ø sin(a)                        sine of a

Ø cos(a)                       cosine of a

Ø tan(a)                       tangent of a

Ø asin(a)                      arc sine of a in the interval [-p/2, p/ 2], a Î [-1, 1]

Ø acos(a)                     arc cosine a in the interval [-p/2, p/2], a Î [-1, 1]

Ø atan(a)                     arc tangent a in the interval [-p/2, p/2], a Î [-1, 1]

Ø atan2(a,b)               arc tangent a/b in the interval [-p, p]

Ø sinh(a)                      hyperbolic sine of a

Ø cosh(a)                     hyperbolic cosine of a

Ø tanh(a)                     hyperbolic tangent of a

Ø exp(a)                      exponential function

Ø log(a)                       natural logarithm, a> 0

Ø log10(a)                  decade logarithm, a> 0

Ø pow(a1,a2)             power

Ø ldexp(a1,a2)          a1 pow(2,a2)

其他操作（统计、随机数、符号函数等）

Ø min(t)                     minimum value of the tuple

Ø max(t)                    maximum value of the tuple

Ø min2(t1,t2)            element-wise minimum of two tuples

Ø max2(t1,t2)           element-wise maximum of two tuples

Ø find(t1,t2)              indices of all occurrences of t1 within t2

Ø rand(i)                    create random values from 0..1 (number specified by i)

Ø sgn(a)                     element-wise sign of a tuple

Ø sum(t)                    sum of all elements or string concatenation

Ø cumul(t)                 cumulative histogram of a tuple

Ø mean(a)                 mean value

Ø deviation(a)          standard deviation

Ø sqrt(a)                    square root of a

Ø deg(a)                    convert radians to degrees

Ø rad(a)                     convert degrees to radians

Ø real(a)                    convert integer to real

Ø int(a)                      convert a real to integer

Ø round(a)                convert real to integer

Ø number(v)             convert string to a number

Ø is_number(v)        test if value is a number

Ø abs(a)                    absolute value of a (integer or real)

Ø fabs(a)                   absolute value of a (always real)

Ø ceil(a)                    smallest integer value not smaller than a

Ø floor(a)                  largest integer value not greater than a

Ø fmod(a1,a2)         fractional part of a1/a2, with the same sign as a1

Ø sort(t)                   sorting in increasing order

Ø uniq(t)                  eliminate duplicates of neighboring values(typically used in combination with sort)

Ø sort_index(t)       return index instead of values

Ø median(t)            Median value of a tuple (numbers)

Ø select_rank(t,v)  Select the element (number) with the given rank

Ø inverse(t)            reverse the order of the values

Ø subset(t1,t2)      selection from t1 by indices in t2

Ø remove(t1,t2)    Remove of values with the given indices

Ø environment(s)  value of an environment variable

Ø ord(a)                  ASCII number of a character

Ø chr(a)                   convert an ASCII number to a character

Ø ords(s)                ASCII number of a tuple of strings

Ø chrt(i)                  convert a tuple of integers into a string