python之04-DataType-Dict映射类型

---

@Author: liuyangly1
@Date : 2021-07-07 21:57:44
@Blog : https://blog.csdn.net/liuyang_1106
@Github: https://github.com/liuyangly1
@Email : 522927317@qq.com

---

映射类型dict

1. 初始化

# {}
>>> x = {}
>>> type(x)
<class 'dict'>
# dict
>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x
{'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}
>>> x = dict.fromkeys('xyz')
>>> x
{'x': None, 'y': None, 'z': None}

2. 索引与切片

>>> x['x']
1

3. 视图keys(),values(),items()，遍历与格式化输出

x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> for key in x.keys():
...     print(key)
...
x
y
z
>>> x.values()
dict_values([1, 2, 3])
>>> for key,value in x.items():
...     print(key, value)
...
x 1
y 2
z 3

4. 增, 删, 改, 查, 排序

• 增 update, setdefault

>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x['a'] = 4
>>> x
{'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3, 'a': 4}

# update不存在则添加，存在则修改
>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x.update({'a':4})
>>> x
{'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3, 'a': 4}

>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x.setdefault('a')
>>> x
{'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3, 'a': None}

• 删 pop, popitem, del

>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x.pop('x')
1
>>> x
{'y': 2, 'z': 3}
>>> x.popitem()
('z', 3)
>>> x
{'y': 2}
>>> del x['y']
>>> x
{}

• 改 update

>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x['x'] = 0
>>> x
{'x': 0, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}

# update不存在则添加，存在则修改
>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x.update({'x':0})
>>> x
{'x': 0, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}

• 查

>>> x = dict({'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3})
>>> x.get('x')
1

• 排序

>>> x = dict({'x':3, 'y':2, 'z':1})
>>> sorted(x)
['x', 'y', 'z']
>>> sorted(x.values())
[1, 2, 3]
# 按键排序
>>> sorted(x.items())
[('x', 3), ('y', 2), ('z', 1)]
# 按值排序
>>> sorted(x.items(), key=lambda x:x[1])
[('z', 1), ('y', 2), ('x', 3)]

5. 最大max，最小min，求和sum，长度len，枚举enumerate，组合zip, 比较operator

# 键最大值
>>> x = dict({'x':3, 'y':2, 'z':1})
>>> max(x)
'z'
# 值最大值
>>> max(zip(x.values(),x.keys()))
(3, 'x')
# 值最小值
>>> x[min(x,key=x.get)]
1
>>> sum(x.values())
6
>>> len(x)
3
>>> list(enumerate(x))
[(0, 'x'), (1, 'y'), (2, 'z')]
>>> list(zip(x, [1, 1, 1]))
[('x', 1), ('y', 1), ('z', 1)]
# 比较
>>> x = dict({'x':3, 'y':2, 'z':1})
>>> y = dict({'x':3, 'y':2, 'z':1})
>>> z = dict({'x':3, 'y':2, 'z':0})
>>> x == y
True
>>> x == z
False
>>> import operator
>>> operator.eq(x,y)
True
>>> operator.eq(x,z)
False

6. 字典推导式 = { key:value for循环 + 序列 + if条件}

>>> x = {i:i**2 for i in range(10) if i%2==0}
>>> x
{0: 0, 2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36, 8: 64}