python函数记录

1，大写字母变小写，小写字母变大写

m=m.swapcase()  

2，将字符串在的字母按照表相应替换

import base64

import string
 
str1 = "NhFpbUihxvB="

string1 = "ZYXABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWzyxabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw0123456789+/"

string2 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"

print (base64.b64decode(str1.translate(str.maketrans(string1,string2))))

3，16进制转字符

binascii.b2a_hex(s)

hex_str = "666c61677b3230366538353964"
hex=hex_str.encode('utf-8')
str_bin=binascii.unhexlify(hex)
str=str_bin.decode('utf-8')
print(str)

字符转16进制

binascii.a2b_hex(h)

4，分数取模

gmpy2.powmod()

5,大数运算保留精度

Decimal()

6，16进制与bytes互相转换：

ciphertext = b'123456'
c = ciphertext.hex()
c1 = bytes.fromhex(c)

7,全排列迭代遍历

itertools.permutations('123',2)

输出：

('1', '2')
('1', '3')
('2', '1')
('2', '3')
('3', '1')
('3', '2')

8，求解离散对1232131数问题

sympy.discrete_log(n,c,m)

 9,base64隐写

from Crypto.Util.number import*
import base64
c = b'VEhJUz==\nRkxBR3==\nSVN=\nSElEREVOLo==\nQ0FO\nWU9V\nRklORM==\nSVT=\nT1VUP4==\nRE8=\nWU9V\nS05PV9==\nQkFTRTY0P5==\nWW91bmdD\nVEhJTku=\nWU9V\nQVJF\nTk9U\nVEhBVE==\nRkFNSUxJQVI=\nV0lUSO==\nQkFTRTY0Lh==\nQmFzZTY0\naXO=\nYW==\nZ3JvdXA=\nb2b=\nc2ltaWxhcn==\nYmluYXJ5LXRvLXRleHR=\nZW5jb2Rpbme=\nc2NoZW1lc0==\ndGhhdD==\ncmVwcmVzZW50\nYmluYXJ5\nZGF0YW==\naW5=\nYW6=\nQVNDSUl=\nc3RyaW5n\nZm9ybWF0\nYnk=\ndHJhbnNsYXRpbmd=\naXS=\naW50b1==\nYT==\ncmFkaXgtNjQ=\ncmVwcmVzZW50YXRpb24u\nVGhl\ndGVybc==\nQmFzZTY0\nb3JpZ2luYXRlc8==\nZnJvbd==\nYY==\nc3BlY2lmaWN=\nTUlNRT==\nY29udGVudI==\ndHJhbnNmZXI=\nZW5jb2Rpbmcu\nVGhl\ncGFydGljdWxhct==\nc2V0\nb2b=\nNjR=\nY2hhcmFjdGVyc5==\nY2hvc2Vu\ndG+=\ncmVwcmVzZW50\ndGhl\nNjQ=\ncGxhY2UtdmFsdWVz\nZm9y\ndGhl\nYmFzZd==\ndmFyaWVz\nYmV0d2Vlbt==\naW1wbGVtZW50YXRpb25zLp==\nVGhl\nZ2VuZXJhbI==\nc3RyYXRlZ3n=\naXO=\ndG9=\nY2hvb3Nl\nNjR=\nY2hhcmFjdGVyc5==\ndGhhdA==\nYXJl\nYm90aN==\nbWVtYmVyc5==\nb2a=\nYS==\nc3Vic2V0\nY29tbW9u\ndG8=\nbW9zdM==\nZW5jb2RpbmdzLA==\nYW5k\nYWxzb8==\ncHJpbnRhYmxlLg==\nVGhpc9==\nY29tYmluYXRpb25=\nbGVhdmVz\ndGhl\nZGF0YW==\ndW5saWtlbHk=\ndG/=\nYmV=\nbW9kaWZpZWS=\naW5=\ndHJhbnNpdE==\ndGhyb3VnaN==\naW5mb3JtYXRpb26=\nc3lzdGVtcyw=\nc3VjaN==\nYXM=\nRS1tYWlsLD==\ndGhhdA==\nd2VyZQ==\ndHJhZGl0aW9uYWxseQ==\nbm90\nOC1iaXQ=\nY2xlYW4uWzFd\nRm9y\nZXhhbXBsZSw=\nTUlNRSdz\nQmFzZTY0\naW1wbGVtZW50YXRpb24=\ndXNlcw==\nQahDWiw=\nYahDeiw=\nYW5k\nMKhDOQ==\nZm9y\ndGhl\nZmlyc3Q=\nNjI=\ndmFsdWVzLg==\nT3RoZXI=\ndmFyaWF0aW9ucw==\nc2hhcmU=\ndGhpcw==\ncHJvcGVydHk=\nYnV0\nZGlmZmVy\naW4=\ndGhl\nc3ltYm9scw==\nY2hvc2Vu\nZm9y\ndGhl\nbGFzdA==\ndHdv\ndmFsdWVzOw==\nYW4=\nZXhhbXBsZQ==\naXM=\nVVRGLTcu'//隐写密文

def get_base64_diff_value(s1, s2):
    base64chars = b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
    res = 0
    for i in range(len(s2)):
        if s1[i] != s2[i]:
            return abs(base64chars.index(s1[i]) - base64chars.index(s2[i]))
    return res

def solve_stego():
    line=b''
    bin_str=''
    for i in c:
        k=long_to_bytes(i)
        if k==b'\n':
            steg_line = line
            norm_line = base64.b64encode(base64.b64decode(line))
            diff = get_base64_diff_value(steg_line, norm_line)
            #print(diff)
            pads_num = steg_line.count(b'=')
            if diff:
                bin_str += bin(diff)[2:].zfill(pads_num * 2)
            else:
                bin_str += '0' * pads_num * 2
            print(goflag(bin_str))
            line=b''
            continue
        line+=k

def goflag(bin_str):
    res_str = ''
    for i in range(0, len(bin_str), 8):
        res_str += chr(int(bin_str[i:i + 8], 2))
    return res_str


if __name__ == '__main__':
    solve_stego()

 10,最大公因数和最小公倍数

gmpy2.gcd(a,b)
gmpy2.lcm(a,b)