NMEA是一套定义接收机输出的标准信息,有几种不同的格式,每种都是独立相关的ASCII格式,逗点隔开数据流,数据流长度从30-100字符不 等,通常以每秒间隔选择输出,最常用的格式为"GGA",它包含了定位时间,纬度,经度,高度,定位所用的卫星数,其他的有速度,跟踪,日期等。
NMEA-0183协议定义的语句非常多,但是常用的或者说兼容性最广的语句只有$GPGGA、$GPGSA、$GPGSV、$GPRMC、$GPVTG、$GPGLL等,说明如下:
$GPGGA(定位信息)
eg:$GPGGA,092204.999,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,1,04,24.4,19.7,M,,,,0000*1F
$GPGSA(当前卫星信息)
eg:$GPGSA,A,3,01,20,19,13,,,,,,,,,40.4,24.4,32.2*0A
$GPGSV(可见卫星信息)
eg:$GPGSV,3,1,10,20,78,331,45,01,59,235,47,22,41,069,,13,32,252,45*70
$GPVTG(地面速度信息)
eg:$GPVTG,89.68,T,,M,0.00,N,0.0,K*5F
$GPGLL(地理定位信息)
$GPGLL,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,092204.999,A*2D
以下以代码段来说明$GPGGA的解析过程,其他类推。假设已从串口读到字符串。
(1)结构体信息
- typedef struct{
- int year;
- int month;
- int day;
- int hour;
- int minute;
- int second;
- }date_time;
- typedef struct{
- date_time D;//时间
- char status; //接收状态
- double latitude; //纬度
- double longitude; //经度
- char NS; //南北极
- char EW; //东西
- double speed; //速度
- double high; //高度
- }GPS_INFO;
(2)得到指定序号的逗号位置,以解析各个定义段
- static int GetComma(int num,char *str)
- {
- int i,j=0;
- int len=strlen(str);
- for(i=0;i<len;i++)
- {
- if(str[i]==',')j++;
- if(j==num)return i+1; //返回当前找到的逗号位置的下一个位置
- }
- return 0;
- }
得到精度纬度等高精度数据
- static double get_double_number(char *s)
- {
- char buf[128];
- int i;
- double rev;
- i=GetComma(1,s); //得到数据长度
- strncpy(buf,s,i);
- buf[i]=0; //加字符串结束标志
- rev=atof(buf); //字符串转float
- return rev;
- }
将世界时转换为北京时间
- static void UTC2BTC(date_time *GPS)
- {
- //***************************************************
- //如果秒号先出,再出时间数据,则将时间数据+1秒
- GPS->second++; //加一秒
- if(GPS->second>59){
- GPS->second=0;
- GPS->minute++;
- if(GPS->minute>59){
- GPS->minute=0;
- GPS->hour++;
- }
- }
- //***************************************************
- GPS->hour+=8; //北京时间跟UTC时间相隔8小时
- if(GPS->hour>23)
- {
- GPS->hour-=24;
- GPS->day+=1;
- if(GPS->month==2 ||GPS->month==4 ||GPS->month==6 ||GPS->month==9 ||GPS->month==11 ){
- if(GPS->day>30){ //上述几个月份是30天每月,2月份还不足30
- GPS->day=1;
- GPS->month++;
- }
- }
- else{
- if(GPS->day>31){ //剩下的几个月份都是31天每月
- GPS->day=1;
- GPS->month++;
- }
- }
- if(GPS->year % 4 == 0 ){//
- if(GPS->day > 29 && GPS->month ==2){ //闰年的二月是29天
- GPS->day=1;
- GPS->month++;
- }
- }
- else{
- if(GPS->day>28 &&GPS->month ==2){ //其他的二月是28天每月
- GPS->day=1;
- GPS->month++;
- }
- }
- if(GPS->month>12){
- GPS->month-=12;
- GPS->year++;
- }
- }
- }
(3)解析GPS数据,以line作为传入的字符串数据,GPS是待赋值的全局变量。以下第一行是字符顺序号
//0 7 0 4 6 0 6 8 0 90 0 3 0 9
//$GPRMC,091400,A,3958.9870,N,11620.3278,E,000.0,000.0,120302,005.6,W*62
//$GPGGA,091400,3958.9870,N,11620.3278,E,1,03,1.9,114.2,M,-8.3,M,,*5E
- void gps_parse(char *line,GPS_INFO *GPS)
- {
- int i,tmp,start,end;
- char c;
- char* buf=line;
- c=buf[5];
- if(c=='C'){//"GPRMC"
- GPS->D.hour =(buf[ 7]-'0')*10+(buf[ 8]-'0');
- GPS->D.minute =(buf[ 9]-'0')*10+(buf[10]-'0');
- GPS->D.second =(buf[11]-'0')*10+(buf[12]-'0');
- tmp = GetComma(9,buf); //得到第9个逗号的下一字符序号
- GPS->D.day =(buf[tmp+0]-'0')*10+(buf[tmp+1]-'0');
- GPS->D.month =(buf[tmp+2]-'0')*10+(buf[tmp+3]-'0');
- GPS->D.year =(buf[tmp+4]-'0')*10+(buf[tmp+5]-'0')+2000;
- //------------------------------
- GPS->status =buf[GetComma(2,buf)]; //状态
- GPS->latitude =get_double_number(&buf[GetComma(3,buf)]); //纬度
- GPS->NS =buf[GetComma(4,buf)]; //南北纬
- GPS->longitude=get_double_number(&buf[GetComma(5,buf)]); //经度
- GPS->EW =buf[GetComma(6,buf)]; //东西经
- UTC2BTC(&GPS->D); //转北京时间
- }
- if(c=='A'){ //"$GPGGA"
- GPS->high = get_double_number(&buf[GetComma(9,buf)]);
- }
- }
显示解析结果
- void show_gps(GPS_INFO *GPS)
- {
- printf("DATE : %ld-%02d-%02d \n",GPS->D.year,GPS->D.month,GPS->D.day);
- printf("TIME : %02d:%02d:%02d \n",GPS->D.hour,GPS->D.minute,GPS->D.second);
- printf("Latitude : %10.4f %c\n",GPS->latitude,GPS->NS);
- printf("Longitude: %10.4f %c\n",GPS->longitude,GPS->EW);
- printf("high : %10.4f \n",GPS->high);
- printf("STATUS : %c\n",GPS->status);
- }