通信方式--信号量的一系列操作（创建 获取 设置 删除以及PV操作）

//....................#include"utili.h"
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

//.....................sem_create mysem.c
#include"utili.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    key_t sem_key = ftok(argv[1],0xff);
    if(sem_key == -1)
    {
        perror("ftok");
        exit(1);
    }
  /*semget(key_t key,int nsems,int oflag)  
         关键字    信号量个数  设置信号量的访问权限标志
 关于oflag参数：1.IPC_CTEAT  即如果所指定键的IPC对象不存在，就创建一个新对象 否则返回该对象
                2.同时设置oflag的IPC——CREAT和IPC——EXCL位时，即如果所指定键的IPC对象不存在，就创建一个新的对象，否则返回一个EEXIST错误，因为该对象已存在
*/    int sem_id = semget(sem_key,1,IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL|0755);
    if(sem_id == -1)
    {
        perror("semget");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("create sem ok.\n");
   return 0;
}

//...................................sem_get.c
#include"utili.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
   key_t sem_key = ftok(argv[1],0xff);
   int sem_id = semget(sem_key,0,0);//创建信号量

   int val = semctl(sem_id,0,GETVAL); //semctl控制函数
   printf("sem_val = %d\n",val); //val= 0 没有资源 阻塞
    return 0;
}

// ........................................ set_sem.c
#include"utili.h"
 union semun
 {
        int              val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
        struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
        unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL*/ 
        struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
                                           (Linux-specific) */
};
//设置信号量
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
       key_t sem_key = ftok(argv[1],0xff);
       int sem_id = semget(sem_key,0,0);

       union semun val;
       val.val =atoi(argv[2]); //atoi 将字符串转换为整型数
       semctl(sem_id,0,SETVAL,val);
     return 0;
}

//.............................sem_p.c
#include"utili.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
  key_t sem_key = ftok(argv[1],0xff);
  int sem_id = semget(sem_key,0,0);

  struct sembuf op;
  op.sem_num = 0;
  op.sem_op = -1;
 // op.sem_flg = 0;
  op.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
  semop(sem_id,&op,1);
  return 0;
}
sem_v.c
#include"utili.h"
/*
 信号量的值仅能由pv操作来改变
PV操作通过调用函数semop来实现
int semop(int semid,struct sembuf *sops ,size_t nsops);
           标示符 sops指向结构体数组的首地址 信号的个数

struct sembuf
{
  ushort  sem_num;  //信号在信号集中的索引
  short   sem_op; //操作类型
  short   sem_flg; //操作标志
}
*/
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    key_t sem_key = ftok(argv[1],0xff);
    int sem_id = semget(sem_key,0,0);

    struct sembuf op;
    op.sem_num = 0;
    op.sem_op =1;
    op.sem_flg = 0;

    semop(sem_id,&op,1);
    return 0;
}

//........................sem_remove.c
#include"utili.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{

    key_t  sem_key = ftok(argv[1],0xff);
    int sem_id = semget(sem_key,0,0);

    int res = semctl(sem_id,0,IPC_RMID);
    if(res == -1)
    {
        printf("remove sem Erroe.\n");
    }
    else
        printf("remove sem Ok.\n");
    return 0;
}