浅谈python中的类和对象

1. 为什么要有类和对象

我们如何把多个数据当成一个变量来使用呢，在C语言中我们用struct来表示

struct Student {
    string name;
    int age;
    double score;
}

我们可以这么来使用他

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    Student s;
    s.name = "liyunyang";
    s.age = 18;
    s.score = 98.5;
}

这样我们就可以把多个属性聚集到一起，方便访问。

我们换做Java来写是这样

class Student {
    String name;
    int age;
    double score;
}



public class Hello {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s = new Student();
        s.name = "李云阳";
        s.age = 18;
        s.score = 98.5;
    }
}

换做Python我们这么写

class Student:
    name = ""
    age = 0
    score = 0.0


s = Student()
s.name = "liyunyang"
s.age = 18
s.score = 98.5

2. 类和对象的关系和封装思想

类就是模板，对象就是具体的数。举个例子类就是int这个类型，而对象就是具体的数比如12

类还可以设置隐私关系，在Java中我们这么写

class Student {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    private double score;
}

python我们这么写

class Student:
    name = ""
    age = 0
    __score = 0.0

3. 类的继承关系

class Student {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    private double score;
}

class HighSchoolStudent extends Student {
    private String school;
}

public class Hello {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HighSchoolStudent s = new HighSchoolStudent();
        s.name = "liyuyang";
        s.age = 18;
    }
}

class Student:
    name = ""
    age = 0
    __score = 0.0


class HighSchoolStudent(Student):
    __school = ""
    

4. 类的方法

C语言中student只能定义属性，C++，Java，Python都可以定义方法

Java中

class Student {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    private double score;

    String sayName() {
        return name;
    }
}

class HighSchoolStudent extends Student {
    private String school;
}

public class Hello {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HighSchoolStudent s = new HighSchoolStudent();
        s.name = "liyuyang";
        s.age = 18;
        String str = s.sayName();
    }
}

​

python中

class Student:
    name = ""
    age = 0
    __score = 0.0

    def sayName(self):
        return "我的名字是：" + self.name


class HighSchoolStudent(Student):
    __school = ""


s = Student()
s.name = "lyy"
print(s.sayName())

1. 如何获取私有属性和设置私有属性

​
class Student {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    private double score;

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score
    }
}

class HighSchoolStudent extends Student {
    private String school;
}

public class Hello {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HighSchoolStudent s = new HighSchoolStudent();
        s.name = "liyuyang";
        s.age = 18;
        s.setScore(98.5);
    }
}

python中

class Student:
    name = ""
    age = 0
    __score = 0.0

    def getScore(self):
        return self.__score

    def setScore(self, score):
        self.__score = score


class HighSchoolStudent(Student):
    __school = ""


s = Student()
s.name = "lyy"
s.setScore(98.5)
print(s.getScore())

5. Object是什么东西

我们都知道，类是有继承关系的，那么所有的类，都默认继承自Object

Java中下面写法是一样的

class Student {}
class Student extends Object {}

Python中是这样

class Student:
class Student(Object):