QProcess 类使用总结

背景

QProcess 类用于启动外部程序并与它们通信，QProcess 将进程视为I/O 设备，可以对进程进行写入和读取。

调用参数设置

①．同时指定路径和参数调用程序

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);
process->execute("cmd /c ping 127.0.0.1");

②．分别指定路径和参数调用程序

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);
process->execute("cmd ",QStringList()<<"/c"<<"ping 127.0.0.1");

③．先设置参数再启动

process->setProgram("cmd");
process->setArguments(QStringList() << "/c" << "ping 127.0.0.1");
process->start();

调用外部程序

①．同步调用
使用 execute 会阻塞当前程序执行，直到外部程序退出。

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);
process->execute("C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");

②．异步调用
使用 start 不会阻塞当前程序执行。

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);
process->start("C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");

③．分离调用
使用 startDetached 调用的程序会和当前进程脱离关系独立运行。

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);
process->startDetached("C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");

同步操作函数

①．阻塞至调用成功

if (!process->waitForStarted())
{
  //调用失败
}

②．阻塞至有数据读取

if (process->waitForReadyRead())
{
  //有数据可读取
}

③．阻塞至程序结束

if (process->waitForStarted())
{
  //进程结束
}

和外部程序交互

①．读取外出程序输出

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);

process->setReadChannel(QProcess::StandardOutput);
process->setProgram("C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");

connect(process, &QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, [process]() 
{
  std::cout << process->readAllStandardOutput().toStdString();  
});
connect(process, QOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>::of(&QProcess::finished), [&](int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus) 
  {
    std::cout << "exited"  << std::endl;
  });

process->start("cmd /c ping 127.0.0.1");
process->waitForStarted();

②．给外部程序输入数据

QProcess * process = new QProcess(this);

process->setReadChannel(QProcess::StandardOutput);
process->setProgram("C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");

connect(process, &QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, [process]() 
{
    std::cout << process->readAllStandardOutput().toStdString();  
});
connect(process, QOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>::of(&QProcess::finished), [&](int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus) 
  {
    std::cout << "exited"  << std::endl;
});

process->start("cmd");
process->waitForStarted();

process->write("ping 127.0.0.1\r\n");

执行 cmd 命令

QProcess 可以直接执行 cmd 命令：

int pid = qApp->applicationPid();
QString killcmd = QString("taskkill /pid %1 /f").arg(pid);
QProcess::startDetached(killcmd);