重点分类
- 分类
- 关联对象
- 扩展
- 代理
- 通知
- KVO
- KVC
- 属性关键字
1.分类
1.1 你用分类做了哪些事?
- 声明私有方法
- 分解体积庞大的类文件
- 把Framework的私有方法公开化
1.2 分类特点
- 运行时决议(编好之后并没有添加到对应的宿主类中,而是在运行时将分类方法添加到宿主方法)
- 可以为系统类添加分类 (UIView添加x,y坐标)
1.3 分类中可以添加哪些内容
- 实例方法
- 类方法
- 协议
- 属性
struct category_t {
const char *name;
classref_t cls;
struct method_list_t *instanceMethods;
struct method_list_t *classMethods;
struct protocol_list_t *protocols;
struct property_list_t *instanceProperties;
// Fields below this point are not always present on disk.
struct property_list_t *_classProperties;
method_list_t *methodsForMeta(bool isMeta) {
if (isMeta) return classMethods;
else return instanceMethods;
}
property_list_t *propertiesForMeta(bool isMeta, struct header_info *hi);
};
加载调用栈
加载内存镜像到文件
/***********************************************************************
* remethodizeClass
* Attach outstanding categories to an existing class.
* Fixes up cls's method list, protocol list, and property list.
* Updates method caches for cls and its subclasses.
* Locking: runtimeLock must be held by the caller
**********************************************************************/
static void remethodizeClass(Class cls)
{
category_list *cats;
bool isMeta;
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();
// Re-methodizing: check for more categories
//获取cls中未完成整合的所有分类
if ((cats = unattachedCategoriesForClass(cls, false/*not realizing*/))) {
if (PrintConnecting) {
_objc_inform("CLASS: attaching categories to class '%s' %s",
cls->nameForLogging(), isMeta ? "(meta)" : "");
}
//将分类cats拼接到cls上
attachCategories(cls, cats, true /*flush caches*/);
free(cats);
}
}
attachCategories方法实现
// Attach method lists and properties and protocols from categories to a class.
// Assumes the categories in cats are all loaded and sorted by load order,
// oldest categories first.
static void
attachCategories(Class cls, category_list *cats, bool flush_caches)
{
if (!cats) return;
if (PrintReplacedMethods) printReplacements(cls, cats);
bool isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();
// fixme rearrange to remove these intermediate allocations
// 二维数组 [[method_t,method_t],[method_t,method_t]]
method_list_t **mlists = (method_list_t **)
malloc(cats->count * sizeof(*mlists));
property_list_t **proplists = (property_list_t **)
malloc(cats->count * sizeof(*proplists));
protocol_list_t **protolists = (protocol_list_t **)
malloc(cats->count * sizeof(*protolists));
// Count backwards through cats to get newest categories first
int mcount = 0;
int propcount = 0;
int protocount = 0;
int i = cats->count;
bool fromBundle = NO;
while (i--) {//倒序访问,最先访问最新编译的分类
auto& entry = cats->list[i];
method_list_t *mlist = entry.cat->methodsForMeta(isMeta);
if (mlist) {
mlists[mcount++] = mlist;
fromBundle |= entry.hi->isBundle();
}
property_list_t *proplist =
entry.cat->propertiesForMeta(isMeta, entry.hi);
if (proplist) {
proplists[propcount++] = proplist;
}
protocol_list_t *protolist = entry.cat->protocols;
if (protolist) {
protolists[protocount++] = protolist;
}
}
// 获取宿主类当中的rw数据,其中包含宿主类的方法列表信息
auto rw = cls->data();
prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists, mcount, NO, fromBundle);
rw->methods.attachLists(mlists, mcount);
free(mlists);
if (flush_caches && mcount > 0) flushCaches(cls);
rw->properties.attachLists(proplists, propcount);
free(proplists);
rw->protocols.attachLists(protolists, protocount);
free(protolists);
}
将分类相关方法添加到宿主类中
void attachLists(List* const * addedLists, uint32_t addedCount) {
if (addedCount == 0) return;
if (hasArray()) {
// many lists -> many lists
uint32_t oldCount = array()->count;
uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
setArray((array_t *)realloc(array(), array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
array()->count = newCount;
memmove(array()->lists + addedCount, array()->lists,
oldCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists,
addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
}
else if (!list && addedCount == 1) {
// 0 lists -> 1 list
list = addedLists[0];
}
else {
// 1 list -> many lists
List* oldList = list;
uint32_t oldCount = oldList ? 1 : 0;
uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
setArray((array_t *)malloc(array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
array()->count = newCount;
if (oldList) array()->lists[addedCount] = oldList;
memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists,
addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
}
}
小结
- 分类添加的方法可以”覆盖“原类方法
- 同名分类方法谁能生效取决于编译顺序
- 名字相同的分类会引起编译报错(分编译的时候分类以下划线的方法添加到宿主类名称上)
扩展
1. 一般用扩展做什么
- 声明私有属性
- 声明私有方法
- 声明私有成员变量
2. 特点
- 编译时决议
- 只以声明的形式存在,多数情况下寄生于宿主类的.m中
- 不能为系统类添加扩展