Spring注解系列十九：自动装配-@Autowired

自动装配：Spring利用依赖注入（DI），完成对IOC容器中中各个组件的依赖关系赋值。
@Autowired：自动注入
（1）、默认优先按照类型去容器中找对应的组件：applicationContext.getBean(BookDao.class)；找到就赋值。
1、BookDao

@Repository
public class BookDao {
    
}

2、BookService

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookService{" +
                "bookDao=" + bookDao +
                '}';
    }

}

3、MainConifgOfAutowired

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {

}

测试：

@Test
public void test01(){
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConifgOfAutowired.class);
	
	BookService bookService = applicationContext.getBean(BookService.class);
	System.out.println(bookService);

	BookDao bean = applicationContext.getBean(BookDao.class);
	System.out.println(bean);

	applicationContext.close();
}

（2）、如果找到多个相同类型的组件，再将属性的名称作为组件的id去容器中查找。
   如：applicationContext.getBean(“bookDao2”)

1、修改BookDao，添加属性lable，用来区分bean

// 名字默认是类名首字母小写
@Repository
public class BookDao {

    private String lable = "1";

    public String getLable() {
        return lable;
    }

    public void setLable(String lable) {
        this.lable = lable;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookDao [lable=" + lable + "]";
    }

}

2、修改MainConifgOfAutowired，再注入一个类型为BookDao的bean

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {

	@Bean("bookDao2")
	public BookDao bookDao(){
		BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
		bookDao.setLable("2");
		return bookDao;
	}
}

3、修改BookService，将属性的名称改为bookDao2

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao2;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookService{" +
                "bookDao=" + bookDao2 +
                '}';
    }
}

再次运行测试方法test01

（3）、@Qualifier(“bookDao”)：使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id，而不是使用属性名。
1、修改BookService，使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id为bookDao

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Qualifier("bookDao")
    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao2;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookService{" +
                "bookDao=" + bookDao2 +
                '}';
    }
}

再次运行测试方法test01

（4）、自动装配默认一定要将属性赋值好，没有就会报错；可以使用@Autowired(required=false)
1、修改BookDao ，注掉@Repository

// 名字默认是类名首字母小写
//@Repository
public class BookDao {

    private String lable = "1";

    public String getLable() {
        return lable;
    }

    public void setLable(String lable) {
        this.lable = lable;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookDao [lable=" + lable + "]";
    }

}

2、修改MainConifgOfAutowired ，注掉@Bean(“bookDao2”)

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {

	//@Bean("bookDao2")
	public BookDao bookDao(){
		BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
		bookDao.setLable("2");
		return bookDao;
	}
}

再次运行测试方法test01，报错：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.atguigu.dao.BookDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier(value=bookDao), @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

解决办法：
 修改BookService，使用注解@Autowired(required=false)指定要自动注入的bean是否是必须的，默认是true。若有该bean就会被自动注入，没有就是null，不会报错。

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Qualifier("bookDao")
    @Autowired(required=false)
    private BookDao bookDao2;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookService{" +
                "bookDao=" + bookDao2 +
                '}';
    }
}

再次运行测试方法test01

（5）、@Primary：让Spring进行自动装配的时候，默认使用首选的bean；也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字。
1、修改BookService，注掉@Qualifier(“bookDao”)

@Service
public class BookService {

    //@Qualifier("bookDao")
    @Autowired(required=false)
    private BookDao bookDao;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookService{" +
                "bookDao=" + bookDao +
                '}';
    }
}

2、修改MainConifgOfAutowired。使用@Primary指定自动注入首选的bean

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {

	@Primary
	@Bean("bookDao2")
	public BookDao bookDao(){
		BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
		bookDao.setLable("2");
		return bookDao;
	}
}