自动装配:Spring利用依赖注入(DI),完成对IOC容器中中各个组件的依赖关系赋值。
@Autowired:自动注入
(1)、默认优先按照类型去容器中找对应的组件:applicationContext.getBean(BookDao.class);找到就赋值。
1、BookDao
@Repository
public class BookDao {
}
2、BookService
@Service
public class BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookService{" +
"bookDao=" + bookDao +
'}';
}
}
3、MainConifgOfAutowired
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
}
测试:
@Test
public void test01(){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConifgOfAutowired.class);
BookService bookService = applicationContext.getBean(BookService.class);
System.out.println(bookService);
BookDao bean = applicationContext.getBean(BookDao.class);
System.out.println(bean);
applicationContext.close();
}
(2)、如果找到多个相同类型的组件,再将属性的名称作为组件的id去容器中查找。
如:applicationContext.getBean(“bookDao2”)
1、修改BookDao,添加属性lable,用来区分bean
// 名字默认是类名首字母小写
@Repository
public class BookDao {
private String lable = "1";
public String getLable() {
return lable;
}
public void setLable(String lable) {
this.lable = lable;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookDao [lable=" + lable + "]";
}
}
2、修改MainConifgOfAutowired,再注入一个类型为BookDao的bean
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
bookDao.setLable("2");
return bookDao;
}
}
3、修改BookService,将属性的名称改为bookDao2
@Service
public class BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao2;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookService{" +
"bookDao=" + bookDao2 +
'}';
}
}
再次运行测试方法test01
(3)、@Qualifier(“bookDao”):使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id,而不是使用属性名。
1、修改BookService,使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的组件的id为bookDao
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao2;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookService{" +
"bookDao=" + bookDao2 +
'}';
}
}
再次运行测试方法test01
(4)、自动装配默认一定要将属性赋值好,没有就会报错;可以使用@Autowired(required=false)
1、修改BookDao ,注掉@Repository
// 名字默认是类名首字母小写
//@Repository
public class BookDao {
private String lable = "1";
public String getLable() {
return lable;
}
public void setLable(String lable) {
this.lable = lable;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookDao [lable=" + lable + "]";
}
}
2、修改MainConifgOfAutowired ,注掉@Bean(“bookDao2”)
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
//@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
bookDao.setLable("2");
return bookDao;
}
}
再次运行测试方法test01,报错:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.atguigu.dao.BookDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier(value=bookDao), @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
解决办法:
修改BookService,使用注解@Autowired(required=false)指定要自动注入的bean是否是必须的,默认是true。若有该bean就会被自动注入,没有就是null,不会报错。
@Service
public class BookService {
@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired(required=false)
private BookDao bookDao2;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookService{" +
"bookDao=" + bookDao2 +
'}';
}
}
再次运行测试方法test01
(5)、@Primary:让Spring进行自动装配的时候,默认使用首选的bean;也可以继续使用@Qualifier指定需要装配的bean的名字。
1、修改BookService,注掉@Qualifier(“bookDao”)
@Service
public class BookService {
//@Qualifier("bookDao")
@Autowired(required=false)
private BookDao bookDao;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "BookService{" +
"bookDao=" + bookDao +
'}';
}
}
2、修改MainConifgOfAutowired。使用@Primary指定自动注入首选的bean
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.atguigu.service","com.atguigu.dao"})
public class MainConifgOfAutowired {
@Primary
@Bean("bookDao2")
public BookDao bookDao(){
BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();
bookDao.setLable("2");
return bookDao;
}
}