2024.01.25作业

本文详细介绍了如何使用C语言实现双向链表,包括在任意位置插入、删除元素以及修改元素,展示了链表的基本操作方法。
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1.双向链表按任意位置插入

DoubleLink change_pos(DoubleLink head, datatype element, int pos)
{
    if (pos < 1 || pos > length(head) + 1)
    {
        puts("修改:位置不合法");
        return head;
    }

    if (1 == pos)
    {
        printf("修改: 1 位的 %d 修改为 %d\n", head->data, element);
        head->data = element;

        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    for (int i = 1; i < pos; i++)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    printf("修改:%d 位的 %d 修改为 %d\n", pos, p->data, element);
    p->data = element;

    return head;
}

2.双向链表按任意位置删除

DoubleLink delete_pos(DoubleLink head, int pos)
{
    if (pos < 1 || pos > length(head))
    {
        puts("删除:位置不合法");
        return head;
    }

    if (1 == pos)
    {
        printf("删除:删除 1 处元素 %d\n", head->data);
        free(head);
        head = NULL;
        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    for (int i = 1; i < pos - 1; i++)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    DoubleLink s = p->next;
    p->next = s->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
    {
        p->next->front = p;
    }
    printf("删除:删除 %d 处元素 %d\n", pos, s->data);
    free(s);
    s = NULL;

    return head;
}

3.思维导图

源代码

myfunc.h

#ifndef __MYFUNC_H__
#define __MYFUNC_H__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

enum num
{
    FALSE = -1,
    SUCCESS
};

typedef int datatype;
typedef struct Node
{
    datatype data;
    struct Node* front;
    struct Node* next;
} *DoubleLink;

DoubleLink create();
DoubleLink insert_head(DoubleLink head, datatype element);
DoubleLink insert_rear(DoubleLink head, datatype element);
DoubleLink delete_head(DoubleLink head);
DoubleLink delete_rear(DoubleLink head);
DoubleLink insert_pos(DoubleLink head, datatype element, int pos);
DoubleLink delete_pos(DoubleLink head, int pos);
DoubleLink change_pos(DoubleLink head, datatype element, int pos);

DoubleLink search_element(DoubleLink head, datatype element);
DoubleLink change_element(DoubleLink head, datatype old_element, datatype element);
DoubleLink delete_element(DoubleLink head, datatype element);
DoubleLink sort(DoubleLink head);
DoubleLink free_space(DoubleLink head);


void show(DoubleLink head);
int length(DoubleLink head);


#endif

myfunc.c

#include "myfunc.h"


DoubleLink create()
{
    DoubleLink s = (DoubleLink)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    
    if (NULL == s)
    {
        return NULL;
    }

    s->data = 0;
    s->front = NULL;
    s->next = NULL;

    return s;
}

DoubleLink insert_head(DoubleLink head, datatype element)
{
    DoubleLink s = create();
    if (NULL == s)
    {
        return NULL;
    }

    s->data = element;
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        head = s;
    }
    else
    {
        s->next = head;
        head->front = s;
        head = s;
    }
    printf("头插元素 %d\n", element);

    return head;
}

void show(DoubleLink head)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("展示:链表为空");
        return;
    }

    printf("展示:链表中元素:");
    DoubleLink p = head;
    while (p)
    {
        printf("%2d", p->data);

        if (NULL == p->next)
        {
            break;;
        }

        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("\n");

    printf("展示:逆序:");
    while (p)
    {
        printf("%2d", p->data);

        p = p->front;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

DoubleLink insert_rear(DoubleLink head, datatype element)
{
    DoubleLink s = create();
    if (NULL == s)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    s->data = element;

    if (NULL == head)
    {
        head = s;
    }
    else
    {
        DoubleLink p = head;
        while (p->next)
        {
            p = p->next;
        }
        p->next = s;
        s->front = p;
    }
    printf("尾插:元素 %d\n", s->data);

    return head;
}

DoubleLink delete_head(DoubleLink head)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("头删:链表为空");
        return NULL;
    }

    DoubleLink s = head;
    head = s->next;
    head->front = NULL;
    s->next = NULL;
    printf("头删:元素 %d\n", s->data);
    free(s);
    s = NULL;

    return head;
}

DoubleLink delete_rear(DoubleLink head)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("尾删:链表为空");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (NULL == head->next)
    {
        printf("尾删:元素 %d\n", head->data);
        free(head);
        head = NULL;
        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    while (p->next->next)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    DoubleLink s = p->next;
    p->next = NULL;
    printf("尾删:元素 %d\n", s->data);
    free(s);
    s = NULL;

    return head;
}

int length(DoubleLink head)
{
    int len = 0;
    DoubleLink p = head;
    while (p)
    {
        p = p->next;
        len++;
    }

    return len;
}

DoubleLink insert_pos(DoubleLink head, datatype element, int pos)
{
    if (pos < 1 || pos > length(head) + 1)
    {
        puts("插入:位置不合法");
        return head;
    }

    if (1 == pos)
    {
        printf("插入:");
        head = insert_head(head, element);
        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    for (int i = 1; i < pos - 1; i++)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    DoubleLink s = create();
    s->data = element;
    s->next = p->next;
    s->next->front = s;
    p->next = s;
    s->front = p;
    printf("插入:在 %d 处插入元素 %d\n", pos, s->data);

    return head;
}

DoubleLink delete_pos(DoubleLink head, int pos)
{
    if (pos < 1 || pos > length(head))
    {
        puts("删除:位置不合法");
        return head;
    }

    if (1 == pos)
    {
        printf("删除:删除 1 处元素 %d\n", head->data);
        free(head);
        head = NULL;
        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    for (int i = 1; i < pos - 1; i++)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    DoubleLink s = p->next;
    p->next = s->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
    {
        p->next->front = p;
    }
    printf("删除:删除 %d 处元素 %d\n", pos, s->data);
    free(s);
    s = NULL;

    return head;
}

DoubleLink change_pos(DoubleLink head, datatype element, int pos)
{
    if (pos < 1 || pos > length(head) + 1)
    {
        puts("修改:位置不合法");
        return head;
    }

    if (1 == pos)
    {
        printf("修改: 1 位的 %d 修改为 %d\n", head->data, element);
        head->data = element;

        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    for (int i = 1; i < pos; i++)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    printf("修改:%d 位的 %d 修改为 %d\n", pos, p->data, element);
    p->data = element;

    return head;
}

DoubleLink search_element(DoubleLink head, datatype element)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("按元素查找:链表为空");
        return head;
    }

    int i = 1;
    DoubleLink q = head;
    for (i = 1; q != NULL; i++)
    {
        if (q->data == element)
        {
            break;
        }

        q = q->next;
    }

    if (NULL == q)
    {
        printf("按元素查找:%d 不存在\n", element);
        return head;
    }

    printf("按元素查找:%d 在 %d 位\n", element, i);

    return head;
}

DoubleLink change_element(DoubleLink head, datatype old_element, datatype element)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("按元素修改:链表为空");
        return head;
    }

    int i = 1;
    DoubleLink q = head;
    for (i = 1; q != NULL; i++)
    {
        if (q->data == old_element)
        {
            break;
        }

        q = q->next;
    }

    if (NULL == q)
    {
        printf("按元素修改:%d 不存在\n", element);
        return head;
    }

    q->data = element;
    printf("按元素修改:%d 位的 %d 修改为 %d\n", i, old_element, element);

    return head;
}

DoubleLink delete_element(DoubleLink head, datatype element)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("按元素删除:链表为空");
        return head;
    }

    int i = 1;
    DoubleLink q = head;
    for (i = 1; q != NULL; i++)
    {
        if (q->data == element)
        {
            break;
        }

        q = q->next;
    }

    if (NULL == q)
    {
        printf("按元素删除:%d 不存在\n", element);
        return head;
    }

    if (head->data == element)
    {
        q = head;
        head = head->next;
        free(q);
        q = NULL;
        printf("按元素删除:删除在 %d 位的 %d\n", i, element);
        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p = head;
    while (p->next != q)
    {
        p = p->next;
    }

    p->next = q->next;
    free(q);
    q = NULL;
    printf("按元素删除:删除在 %d 位的 %d\n", i, element);

    return head;
}

DoubleLink sort(DoubleLink head)
{
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        puts("排序:链表为空");
        return head;
    }

    if (NULL == head->next)
    {
        puts("排序:链表只有一个元素");
        return head;
    }

    DoubleLink p, q;
    p = head;
    while (p->next != NULL)
    {
        q = p->next;

        while (q != NULL)
        {
            if (p->data > q ->data)
            {
                datatype t = p->data;
                p->data = q->data;
                q->data = t;
            }

            q = q->next;
        }

        p = p->next;
    }
    puts("排序:完成");

    return head;
}

DoubleLink free_space(DoubleLink head)
{
    puts("清空链表");
    if (NULL == head)
    {
        return NULL;
    }

    DoubleLink p;
    while (head != NULL)
    {
        p = head;
        head = head->next;
        free(p);
        p = NULL;
    }

    head = NULL;

    return head;
}

test.c

#include "myfunc.h"

int main()
{
    DoubleLink head = NULL;

    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);

    datatype element;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d", &element);
        head = insert_rear(head, element);
        if (NULL == head)
        {
            printf("插入元素 %d 失败\n", element);
        }
    }
    printf("----输入完毕----\n\n");

    show(head);

    int pos;
    printf("输入位置:");
    scanf("%d", &pos);
    // printf("输入元素:");
    // scanf("%d", &element);

    head = delete_pos(head, pos);
    show(head);
    // printf("输入新元素:");
    // scanf("%d", &element);
    // head = change_pos(head, old_element, element);
    // show(head);

    // printf("输入元素:");
    // scanf("%d", &element);
    // head = delete_element(head, element);
    // show(head);

    // head = sort(head);
    // show(head);

    // head = free_space(head);
    // show(head);

    return 0;
}

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