python线程的使用

python3已经不支持thread库，用_thread代替，但是还是推荐使用threading。

1.线程的简单使用

import threading
import time

exitFlag = False

class myThread(threading.Thread): #继承父类threading.Thread
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.name = name
        self.counter = counter

    def run(self): #把要执行的代码写到run函数中，线程在创建后会直接运行run函数
        print("Starting " + self.name)
        print_time(self.name, self.counter, 5)
        print("Exiting " + self.name)
def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
    while counter:
        if exitFlag:
            thread.exit()
            time.sleep(delay)
            print("%s %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))
            counter -= 1

#创建新线程
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)

#开启线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()

print("Exiting Main Thread")

2.线程的使用（线程同步）

使用threading对象de的Lock和Rlock可以实现简单的线程同步，这两个对象都有acquire()和release()，对于那些需要每次只允许一个线程操作的数据，可以将其操作放到acquire()和release()之间。如下：

import threading
import time

exitFlag = False

class myThread(threading.Thread): #继承父类threading.Thread
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.name = name
        self.counter = counter

    def run(self): #把要执行的代码写到run函数中，线程在创建后会直接运行run函数
        print("Starting " + self.name)
        #获得锁，成功获得锁定后返回True
        #可选的timeout参数，不填的时候将一直阻塞到获得锁定
        #否则超时后将返回True
        threadLock.acquire()
        print_time(self.name, self.counter, 5)
        #释放锁
        threadLock.release()
        print("Exiting " + self.name)

def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
    while counter:
        if exitFlag:
            thread.exit()
        time.sleep(delay)
        print("%s %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))
        counter -= 1

threadLock = threading.Lock()
threads = []


#创建新线程
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)

#开启线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()

#添加线程到线程列表中
threads.append(thread1)
threads.append(thread2)

#等待所有线程完成
for t in threads:
    t.join()
print("Exiting Main Thread")
3.线程优先级队列（Queue）
Python的Queue模块中提供了同步的、线程安全的队列类，包括FiFO（先入先出）队列Queue，LIFO(后入先出)队列LifoQueue，和优先级队列PriorityQueue。这些队列都实现了锁原语，能够在多线程中直接使用。可以使用队列来实现线程间的同步。
Queue模块中的常用方法：

   
   
Queue.get_nowait()相当Queue.get(False)
Queue.qsize()返回队列的大小
Queue.empty()如果队列为空，返回True，反之False
Queue.full()如果队列满了，返回True，返回False
Queue.full与maxsize大小对应
Queue.get([block[, timeout]])获取队列，timeout等待时间
Queue.put(item)写入队列，timeout等待时间
Queue.put_nowait(item)相当Queue.put(item,False)
Queue.task_done()在完成一项工作之后，Queue.task_done()函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号
Queue.join()实际上意味着等到队列为空，再执行别的操作
import queue
import threading
import time

exitFlag = False

class myThread(threading.Thread): #继承父类threading.Thread
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, q):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.name = name
        self.q = q

    def run(self):
        print("Starting " + self.name)
        process_data(self.name, self.q)
        print("Exiting " + self.name)

def process_data(threadName, q):
    while not exitFlag:
        queueLock.acquire()
        if not workQueue.empty():
            data = q.get()
            queueLock.release()
            print("%s processing %s" % (threadName, data))
        else:
            queueLock.release()
        time.sleep(1)


threadList = ["Thread-1", "Thread-2", "Thread-3"]
nameList = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"]
queueLock = threading.Lock()
workQueue = queue.Queue(10)
threads = []
threadID = 1

#创建新线程
for tName in threadList:
    thread = myThread(threadID, tName, workQueue)
    thread.start()
    threads.append(thread)
    threadID += 1

#填充队列
queueLock.acquire()
for word in nameList:
    workQueue.put(word)
queueLock.release()

#等待队列清空
while not workQueue.empty():
    pass

#通知线程是时候退出
exitFlag = True

#等待所有线程完成：
for t in threads:
    t.join()

print("Exiting Main Thread")