Part I. S3. 区间直觉模糊集理论

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3.1 区间直觉模糊集的概念

定义1.14
  设X是一个非空经典集合，$I_{[0,1]}$表示$[0,1]$区间上的所有闭子区间的集合，则称
A ~ = { ⟨ x , μ A ~ ( x ) , ν A ~ ( x ) ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } (3.1) \color{red} { \tilde{A}=\left\{\left\langle x,\mu_{\tilde{A}}(x),\nu_{\tilde{A}}(x)\right\rangle|x \in X\right\} \tag{3.1} } A~={⟨x,μA~​(x),νA~​(x)⟩∣x∈X}(3.1)
为X上的一个区间直觉模糊集，其中${\mu }_{\tilde{A}}$和${\nu }_{\tilde{A}}$分别为$\tilde{A}$的区间值隶属度函数和区间值非隶属度函数，${\mu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)$和${\nu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)$分别为元素x属于$\tilde{A}$的区间值隶属度和区间值非隶属度，即
$${\mu }_{\tilde{A}}:X\to I_{[0,1]},x\in X\to {\mu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)\wedge [0,1]$$
$${\nu }_{\tilde{A}}:X\to I_{[0,1]},x\in X\to {\nu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)\wedge [0,1]$$
且满足条件
0 ≤ s u p { μ A ~ ( x ) } + s u p { ν A ~ ( x ) } ≤ 1 , x ∈ X 0 \leq sup\{ \mu_{\tilde{A}}(x) \} + sup\{ \nu_{\tilde{A}}(x) \} \leq 1, x \in X 0≤sup{μA~​(x)}+sup{νA~​(x)}≤1,x∈X
X上所有区间直觉模糊集的集合记为$F_I(X)$
为方便起见，将区间值隶属度${\mu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)$和区间值非隶属度${\nu }_{\tilde{A}}$的上、下断点分别记为${\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)$、${\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)$和${\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)$、${\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)$。由此，区间直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}$可用区间值形式表示为
A ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) , μ A ~ U ( x ) ] , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } (3.2) \color{red} { \tilde{A} = \left \{ \left\langle x, [\mu_{\tilde{A}L}(x),\mu_{\tilde{A}U}(x)], [\nu_{\tilde{A}L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A}U}(x)]\right\rangle | x \in X \right \} \tag{3.2} } A~={⟨x,[μA~L​(x),μA~U​(x)],[νA~L​(x),νA~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}(3.2)
式中,$[{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)\in [0,1]$；${\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)\in [0,1]$； ${\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)\in [0,1]$；${\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)\in [0,1]$；${\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)+{\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)\le 1$。

  令
$${\pi }_{\tilde{A}}(x)=1-{\mu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)-{\nu }_{\tilde{A}}(x)=\left[1-{\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)-{\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x),1-{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)-{\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)\right]$$
称为${\pi }_{\tilde{A}}(x)$为元素x属于区间直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}$的区间直觉犹豫度（或区间直觉模糊指标）。
  显然，当${\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)={\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)$ 且 ${\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)={\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)$时，区间直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}$退化为直觉模糊集。因此，区间直觉模糊集市直觉模糊集的推广。

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3.2 区间直觉模糊集基本运算法则

定义1.15
  设 A ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) , μ t i l d e A U ( x ) ] , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } \tilde{A} = \left \{ \left \langle x,\left [\mu_{\tilde{A} L}(x), \mu_{tilde{A} U}(x) \right ],\left [ \nu_{\tilde{A} L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A} U}(x)\right]\right \rangle \mid x \in X\right\} A~={⟨x,[μA~L​(x),μtildeAU​(x)],[νA~L​(x),νA~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}， B ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ B ~ L ( x ) , μ t i l d e B U ( x ) ] , [ ν B ~ L ( x ) , ν B ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } \tilde{B} = \left \{ \left \langle x,\left [\mu_{\tilde{B} L}(x), \mu_{tilde{B} U}(x) \right ],\left [ \nu_{\tilde{B} L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{B} U}(x)\right]\right \rangle \mid x \in X\right\} B~={⟨x,[μB~L​(x),μtildeBU​(x)],[νB~L​(x),νB~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}是论域X上的两个区间直觉模糊集，$\lambda >0$是任意实数，则

  (1) 区间直觉模糊集的包含关系： $\tilde{A}\subseteq \tilde{B}$当且仅当$\forall x\in X$，${\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)\le {\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}(x)$，${\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)\le {\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}(x)$，${\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)\ge {\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}(x)$，${\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)\ge {\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}(x)$。

  (2) 区间直觉模糊集的相等关系：$\tilde{A}=\tilde{B}$当且仅当$\forall x\in X$，${\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)={\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}(x)$，${\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)={\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}(x)$，${\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x)={\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}(x)$，${\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x)={\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}(x)$。

  (3) 区间直觉模糊集的补：
( A ~ ) c = { ⟨ x , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) ] , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) , μ A ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } (\tilde{A})^{c}=\left \{ \left \langle x,\left [ \nu_{\tilde{A} L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A} U}(x) \right],\left[\mu_{\tilde{A} L}(x), \mu_{\tilde{A} U}(x)]\right\rangle\right| x \in X\right\} (A~)c={⟨x,[νA~L​(x),νA~U​(x)],[μA~L​(x),μA~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}

  (4) 区间直觉模糊集的交：
A ~ ∩ B ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) ∧ μ B ~ L ( x ) , μ A ~ U ( x ) ∧ μ B ~ U ( x ) ] , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) ∨ ν B ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) ∨ ν B ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } \tilde{A} \cap \tilde{B} = \left \{ \left \langle x, [\mu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \wedge \mu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \mu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \wedge \mu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)], [\nu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \vee \nu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \vee \nu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)] \right \rangle |x \in X\right \} A~∩B~={⟨x,[μA~L​(x)∧μB~L​(x),μA~U​(x)∧μB~U​(x)],[νA~L​(x)∨νB~L​(x),νA~U​(x)∨νB~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}

  (5) 区间直觉模糊集的并：
A ~ ∪ B ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) ∨ μ B ~ L ( x ) , μ A ~ U ( x ) ∨ μ B ~ U ( x ) ] , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) ∧ ν B ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) ∧ ν B ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } \tilde{A} \cup \tilde{B} = \left \{ \left \langle x, [\mu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \vee \mu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \mu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \vee \mu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)], [\nu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \wedge \nu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \wedge \nu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)] \right \rangle |x \in X\right \} A~∪B~={⟨x,[μA~L​(x)∨μB~L​(x),μA~U​(x)∨μB~U​(x)],[νA~L​(x)∧νB~L​(x),νA~U​(x)∧νB~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}

  (6) 区间直觉模糊集的和：
A ~ + B ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) + μ B ~ L ( x ) − μ A ~ L ( x ) μ B ~ L ( x ) , μ A ~ U ( x ) + μ B ~ U ( x ) − μ A ~ U ( x ) μ B ~ U ( x ) ] , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) ν B ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) ν B ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } \tilde{A} + \tilde{B} = \left \{ \left \langle x, [\mu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) + \mu_{\tilde{B}L}(x) - \mu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \mu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \mu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) + \mu_{\tilde{B}U}(x) - \mu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \mu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)], [\nu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \nu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \nu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)] \right \rangle |x \in X\right \} A~+B~={⟨x,[μA~L​(x)+μB~L​(x)−μA~L​(x)μB~L​(x),μA~U​(x)+μB~U​(x)−μA~U​(x)μB~U​(x)],[νA~L​(x)νB~L​(x),νA~U​(x)νB~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}

  (7) 区间直觉模糊集的积：
A ~ ⋅ B ~ = { ⟨ x , [ μ A ~ L ( x ) μ B ~ L ( x ) , μ A ~ U ( x ) μ B ~ U ( x ) ] , [ ν A ~ L ( x ) + ν B ~ L ( x ) − ν A ~ L ( x ) ν B ~ L ( x ) , ν A ~ U ( x ) + ν B ~ U ( x ) − ν A ~ U ( x ) ν B ~ U ( x ) ] ⟩ ∣ x ∈ X } \tilde{A} \centerdot \tilde{B} = \left \{ \left \langle x, [\mu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \mu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \mu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \mu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)], [\nu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) + \nu_{\tilde{B}L}(x) - \nu_{\tilde{A}L}(x) \nu_{\tilde{B}L}(x), \nu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) + \nu_{\tilde{B}U}(x) - \nu_{\tilde{A}U}(x) \nu_{\tilde{B}U}(x)] \right \rangle |x \in X\right \} A~⋅B~={⟨x,[μA~L​(x)μB~L​(x),μA~U​(x)μB~U​(x)],[νA~L​(x)+νB~L​(x)−νA~L​(x)νB~L​(x),νA~U​(x)+νB~U​(x)−νA~U​(x)νB~U​(x)]⟩∣x∈X}

  (8) 区间直觉模糊集的乘积：
$$\lambda \tilde{A}=\left\{⟨x,\left[1-{(1-{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x))}^{\lambda },1-{(1-{\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x))}^{\lambda }\right],\left[{({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x))}^{\lambda },{({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x))}^{\lambda }\right]|x\in X⟩\right\}$$

  (9) 区间直觉模糊集的乘方：
$${(\tilde{A})}^{\lambda }=\left\{⟨x,\left[{({\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x))}^{\lambda },{({\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x))}^{\lambda }\right],\left[1-{(1-{\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}(x))}^{\lambda },1-{(1-{\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}(x))}^{\lambda }\right]|x\in X⟩\right\}$$

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3.3 区间直觉模糊集的相似度与距离

  设$F_I(X)$表示所有区间直觉模糊集的集合，则区间直觉模糊集的相似度如下:

定义1.16
  设$s:F_I(X)\times F_I(X)\to [0,1]$是一映射，对于任意取件直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}\in F_I(X)、\tilde{B}\in F_I(X)、\tilde{C}\in F_I(X)$，称$s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)$为区间直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}$与$\tilde{B}$的相似度，如果它满足以下条件：
  (1) $0\le s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)\le 1$；
  (2) $s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)=1$当且仅当$\tilde{A}=\tilde{B}$；
  (3) $s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)=s\left(\tilde{B},\tilde{A}\right)$；
  (4) 如果$\tilde{A}\subseteq \tilde{B}\subseteq \tilde{C}$，则$s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{C}\right)\le s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)$且$s\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{C}\right)\le s\left(\tilde{B},\tilde{C}\right)$。

定义1.17
  设$d:F_I(X)\times F_I(X)\to [0,1]$是一映射，对于任意取件直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}\in F_I(X)、\tilde{B}\in F_I(X)、\tilde{C}\in F_I(X)$，称$d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)$为区间直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}$与$\tilde{B}$的距离，如果它满足以下条件：

  (1) $0\le d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)\le 1$；
  (2) $d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)=1$当且仅当$\tilde{A}=\tilde{B}$；
  (3) $d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)=d\left(\tilde{B},\tilde{A}\right)$；
  (4) 如果$\tilde{A}\subseteq \tilde{B}\subseteq \tilde{C}$，则$d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{C}\right)\ge d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{B}\right)$且$d\left(\tilde{A},\tilde{C}\right)\ge d\left(\tilde{B},\tilde{C}\right)$。
  对于有限论域 X = { x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n } X=\left \{ x_{1},x_{2},..., x_{n}\right \} X={x1​,x2​,...,xn​}上的两个区间直觉模糊集$\tilde{A}$与$\tilde{B}$，可以定义以下距离测度：

  闵可夫斯基距离：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{d}_q(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=& [\frac{1}{4n}\sum _{j=1}^n[{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q+{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q\\ & {+{\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q+{\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q]]}^{1/q}\end{array}$$

  汉明距离：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{d}_1(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=& [\frac{1}{4n}\sum _{j=1}^n[\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\mid ({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)\\ & -{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)|+|\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\mid \right]]\end{array}$$

  欧几里得距离：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{d}_2(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=& [\frac{1}{4n}\sum _{j=1}^n[{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^2+{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^2+({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)\\ & {{-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right))}^2+{\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^2]]}^{1/2}\end{array}$$

  切比雪夫距离：
$$d_{+\infty }(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=\underset{1⩽j⩽n}{\max }\left\{\frac{\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}u}\left(x_j\right)\right|}{4n}\right\}$$

  加权闵可夫斯基距离：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{\bar{d}}_q(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=& [\frac{1}{4}\sum _{j=1}^n{\omega }_j[{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q+{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q+({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)\\ & {{-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right))}^q+{\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^q]]}^{1/q}\end{array}$$

  加权汉明距离：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{\bar{d}}_1(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=& [\frac{1}{4}\sum _{j=1}^n{\omega }_j[\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\mid ({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)\\ & -{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)|+|\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\mid \right]]\end{array}$$

  加权欧几里得距离：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{\bar{d}}_2(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=& [\frac{1}{4}\sum _{j=1}^n{\omega }_j[{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^2+{\left({\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^2+({\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)\\ & {{-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right))}^2+{\left({\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right)}^2]]}^{1/2}\end{array}$$

  加权切比雪夫距离：
$${\bar{d}}_{+\infty }(\tilde{A},\tilde{B})=\underset{1⩽j⩽n}{\max }\left\{\frac{{\omega }_j\left(\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\mu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\mu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\nu }_{\tilde{A}L}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}L}\left(x_j\right)\right|+\left|{\nu }_{\tilde{A}U}\left(x_j\right)-{\nu }_{\tilde{B}U}\left(x_j\right)\right|\right)}{4}\right\}$$

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3.4 区间直觉模糊数及其运算

  由区间直觉模糊数的定义可知，区间直觉模糊数的基本组成部分是由x的区间隶属度和区间非隶属度组成的有序区间对$\tilde{\alpha }=\left(\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\lambda }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\lambda }U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\lambda }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\lambda }U}\right]\right)$，称为区间直觉模糊数。其中
$$\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right]\subseteq [0,1],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right]\subseteq [0,1],{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}+{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}⩽1$$
  显然，${\tilde{\alpha }}^{+}=\left(\left[1,1\right],\left[0,0\right]\right)$是最大的区间直觉模糊数，而${\tilde{\alpha }}^{-}=\left(\left[0,0\right],\left[1,1\right]\right)$是最小的区间直觉模糊数。

定义1.18
  设$\tilde{\alpha }=\left(\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\lambda }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\lambda }U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\lambda }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\lambda }U}\right]\right)$为区间直觉模糊数，定义区间直觉模糊数$\tilde{\alpha }$的得分值$s\left(\tilde{\alpha }\right)$和精确度$h\left(\tilde{\alpha }\right)$为：

$$s(\tilde{\alpha })=\frac{{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}+{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}-{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}-{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}}{2}\text{\hspace{1em}(3.3)}$$

$$h(\tilde{\alpha })=\frac{{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}+{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}+{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}+{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}}{2}\text{\hspace{1em}(3.4)}$$

  设${\tilde{\alpha }}_1=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_2=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right]\right)$为区间直觉模糊数，则有

  (1) 若$s\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_1\right)<s\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_2\right)$，则${\tilde{\alpha }}_1$小于${\tilde{\alpha }}_2$，即${\tilde{\alpha }}_1<{\tilde{\alpha }}_2$；

  (2) 若$s\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_1\right)=s\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_2\right)$，则

  ① 若$h\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_1\right)=h\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_2\right)$，则${\tilde{\alpha }}_1={\tilde{\alpha }}_2$；

  ② 若$h\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_1\right)<h\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_2\right)$，则${\tilde{\alpha }}_1<{\tilde{\alpha }}_2$；

  ③ 若$h\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_1\right)>h\left({\tilde{\alpha }}_2\right)$，则${\tilde{\alpha }}_1>{\tilde{\alpha }}_2$。

  区间直觉模糊数的运算法则如下：
定义1.19
  设$\tilde{\alpha }=\left(\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\lambda }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\lambda }U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\lambda }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\lambda }U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_1=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{1}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{1}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{1}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{1}U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_2=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{2}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{2}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{2}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\lambda }}_{2}U}\right]\right)$为区间直觉模糊数，则
  (1)  $\overline{\tilde{\alpha }}=\left(\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right],\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right]\right)$；

  (2)  α ~ 1 ∩ α ~ 2 = ( [ min ⁡ { μ α ~ 1 , L , μ α ~ 2 , L } , min ⁡ { μ α ~ 1 , U , μ α ~ 2 , U } ] , [ max ⁡ { ν α ~ 1 , L , n u α ~ 2 L } , max ⁡ { n u A ~ 1 , U , ν A ~ 2 , U } ] ) \tilde{\alpha}_{1} \cap \tilde{\alpha}_{2} = \left( \left[ \min \left\{ \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{1}}, L}, \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{2}}, L}\right\}, \min \left\{ \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{1}}, U}, \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{2}}, U}\right\}\right],\left[\max \left\{\nu_{\tilde{\alpha}_{1}, L}, nu_{\tilde{\alpha}_{2} L}\right\}, \max \left\{nu_{{\tilde{A}_{1}}, U},\nu_{{\tilde{A}_{2}}, U}\right\} \right] \right) α~1​∩α~2​=([min{μα~1​,L​,μα~2​,L​},min{μα~1​,U​,μα~2​,U​}],[max{να~1​,L​,nuα~2​L​},max{nuA~1​,U​,νA~2​,U​}])；

  (3)  α ~ 1 ∪ α ~ 2 = ( [ max ⁡ { μ α ~ 1 , L , μ α ~ 2 , L } , max ⁡ { μ α ~ 1 , U , μ α ~ 2 , U } ] , [ min ⁡ { ν α ~ 1 , L , n u α ~ 2 L } , min ⁡ { n u A ~ 1 , U , ν A ~ 2 , U } ] ) \tilde{\alpha}_{1} \cup \tilde{\alpha}_{2} = \left( \left[ \max \left\{ \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{1}}, L}, \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{2}}, L}\right\}, \max \left\{ \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{1}}, U}, \mu_{{\tilde{\alpha}_{2}}, U}\right\}\right],\left[\min \left\{\nu_{\tilde{\alpha}_{1}, L}, nu_{\tilde{\alpha}_{2} L}\right\}, \min \left\{nu_{{\tilde{A}_{1}}, U},\nu_{{\tilde{A}_{2}}, U}\right\} \right] \right) α~1​∪α~2​=([max{μα~1​,L​,μα~2​,L​},max{μα~1​,U​,μα~2​,U​}],[min{να~1​,L​,nuα~2​L​},min{nuA~1​,U​,νA~2​,U​}])；

  (4) ${\tilde{\alpha }}_1\oplus {\tilde{\alpha }}_2=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_1,L}+{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L}-{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L}{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}+{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}-{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L}{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right]\right)$；

  (5) ${\tilde{\alpha }}_1\otimes {\tilde{\alpha }}_2=\left(\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L}{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right],\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_1,L}+{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L}-{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L}{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}+{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}-{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right]\right)$；

  (6) $\lambda \tilde{\alpha }=\left(\left[1-{\left(1-{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}\right)}^{\lambda },1-{\left(1-{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right)}^{\lambda }\right],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}^{\lambda },{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}^{\lambda }\right]\right),\lambda >0$

  (7) ${\tilde{\alpha }}^{\lambda }=\left(\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}^{\lambda },{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}^{\lambda }\right],\left[1-{\left(1-{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L}\right)}^{\lambda },1-{\left(1-{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right)}^{\lambda }\right]\right),\lambda >0$

定理1.9
  设$\tilde{\alpha }=\left(\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_1=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_2=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right]\right)$为区间直觉模糊数，则$\overline{\tilde{\alpha }}$，$\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\cup \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}$，$\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\cap \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}$，$\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\oplus \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}$，$\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\otimes \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}$，$\lambda \tilde{\alpha }$，${\tilde{\alpha }}^{\lambda }\left(\lambda >0\right)$均为区间直觉模糊数。

定理1.10
  $\tilde{\alpha }=\left(\left[{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\mu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }L},{\nu }_{\tilde{\alpha }U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_1=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{1}U}\right]\right)$，${\tilde{\alpha }}_2=\left(\left[{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\mu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right],\left[{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}L},{\nu }_{{\tilde{\alpha }}_{2}U}\right]\right)$为直觉模糊数，$\lambda,\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2} \gt 0 $，则

  (1) $\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\oplus \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}=\widetilde{{\alpha }_2}\oplus \widetilde{{\alpha }_1}$；

  (2) $\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\otimes \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}=\widetilde{{\alpha }_2}\otimes \widetilde{{\alpha }_1}$；

  (3) $\lambda \left(\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\oplus \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}\right)=\lambda \widetilde{{\alpha }_1}+\lambda \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}$；

  (4) ${\left(\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}\otimes \widetilde{{\alpha }_2}\right)}^{\lambda }={\widetilde{{\alpha }_1}}^{\lambda }\otimes {\widetilde{{\alpha }_2}}^{\lambda }$；

  (5) ${\lambda }_1\tilde{\alpha }\oplus {\lambda }_2\tilde{\alpha }=\left({\lambda }_1+{\lambda }_2\right)\tilde{\alpha }$

  (6) ${\tilde{\alpha }}^{{\lambda }_1}\otimes {\tilde{\alpha }}^{{\lambda }_2}={\tilde{\alpha }}^{{\lambda }_1+{\lambda }_2}$

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特别说明：本专栏主要参考郭子雪等所著《直觉模糊多属性决策理论方法及应用研究》书籍，部分代码计算结果与书中有所出入，请仔细甄别！