手机锂电池（lithium-ion battery）

Introduction

      Lithium-ion  (Li-ion)  batteries  are  becoming  more  common  in  portable  electronic  devices  due  to  their  high  energy  density,  lack  of memory effect,  and  high  charge  and  discharge  rate  capabilities.

Advantages and disadvantages

     The  main  advantage  of  lithium-ion  batteries  is  their  high energy density. The  main  disadvantage  of  Li-ion  batteries  is  that  they  require careful  attention  to  safety.  Overcharging,  overheating, or short-circuiting a charged Li-ion battery  can  result  in  fire  or  explosion. 

     Lithium  ions  move  from  the  positive  to  the  negative  electrode  during  charging  and  from  the  negative  to  the  positive  electrode  as  the battery  is  discharged.

Charging and Discharging Li-ion Batteries

      Proper charge control and protection circuitry is critical  for  Li-ion  batteries( Figure 1 ).  Overcharging  a  Li-ion  battery  can  lead  to  a  fire  or explosion,  and  overdischarging  can  permanently damage the battery. Many Li-ion batteries  have built-in protection circuitry. Li-ion batteries are usually charged in two steps . The first step is a constant-current charge at 0.5-1C  until the battery reaches its maximum voltage, usually