6410之UART使用中断方式

UART使用中断方式的流程：

1.组件有：DDR上面的一个buffer，UART上的FIFO，CPU

2.拿发送来说，UART上面FIFO可以设置一个阈值，当UART上的FIFO小于这个阈值的时候，UART就会发送一个中断给CPU，CPU就会将DDR上buffer中的数据自动发送给UART上的FIFO直到满为止，当FIFO又小于这个阈值的时候，又会进行这个操作。

如下图所示：

在上图中用到的buffer是一个环形缓冲区：

环形缓冲区相当与一个数组，比如：char buff[10]，它分为下面几个情形（R：读指针，W：写指针）：

1.环形缓冲区为空：R == W 都只想buff[0]

2.放入数据： buff[w] = val；w = (w+1)%10

3.取出数据 ： val = buff[R] ; R = (R+1)%10     注：这个10是根据具体的环形缓冲区大小为定的。

4.环形缓冲区为满 ： （w +1）%10 == R (这样的写法是为了和空的时候进行区别)

中断处理完成后，不仅要清中断源的中断，还要清中断控制器的中断：

列出部分代码：

uart初始化以及发送接受

#define ULCON0     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005000))
#define UCON0      (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005004))
#define UFCON0     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005008))
#define UMCON0     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F00500C))
#define UTRSTAT0   (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005010))
#define UFSTAT0    (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005018))
#define UTXH0      (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x7F005020))
#define URXH0      (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x7F005024))
#define UBRDIV0    (*((volatile unsigned short *)0x7F005028))
#define UDIVSLOT0  (*((volatile unsigned short *)0x7F00502C))
#define UINTP0      (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005030))
 

#define UINTM0    (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F005038))         //uart 中断mask寄存器


#define GPACON     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008000))

#define ENABLE_FIFO 1

static delay(void)
{
	volatile int i = 10;
	while (i--);
}

void uart_tx_int_enable(void)         //使能uart中断源
{
	UINTM0 &= ~(1<<2);	
}

void uart_tx_int_disable(void)         //禁止uart中断源
{
	UINTM0 |= (1<<2);	
}


void init_uart(void)                  //初始化uart
{
	GPACON &= ~0xff;              //设置uart引脚为中断引脚，只有中断方式才会使用到
	GPACON |= 0x22;
	
	/* ULCON0 */
	ULCON0 = 0x3;  /* 数据位:8, 无较验, 停止位: 1, 8n1 */
	UCON0  = 0x5 | (1<<9);  /* 使能UART发送、接收, tx interrupt request type = level 使用电平触发*/
#ifdef ENABLE_FIFO
	UFCON0 = 0x07 | (1<<6); /* FIFO enable, tx fifo trigger level = 16 bytes 设置触发阈值*/	
#else
	UFCON0 = 0x00; /* FIFO disable */
#endif
	UMCON0 = 0;
	
	/* 波特率 */
	/* DIV_VAL = (PCLK / (bps x 16 ) ) - 1 
	 * bps = 57600
	 * DIV_VAL = (66500000 / (115200 x 16 ) ) - 1 
	 *         = 35.08
	 */
	UBRDIV0   = 35;

	/* x/16 = 0.08
	 * x = 1
	 */
	UDIVSLOT0 = 0x1;
    UINTM0 = 0xF;                     //初始化的时候先关闭中断源
}

unsigned char getc(void)              //读取一个字符
{
#ifdef ENABLE_FIFO
	while ((UFSTAT0 & (1<<6)) == 0 && (UFSTAT0 & 0x3f) == 0)delay();
#else	
	while ((UTRSTAT0 & (1<<0)) == 0);
#endif
	
	return URXH0;
}

int getc_nowait(unsigned char *pChar)     //非阻塞获取一个字符
{
#ifdef ENABLE_FIFO
	if ((UFSTAT0 & (1<<6)) == 0 && (UFSTAT0 & 0x3f) == 0)
#else
	if ((UTRSTAT0 & (1<<0)) == 0)
#endif		
	{
		return -1;
	}
	else
	{	
		*pChar = URXH0;
		return 0;
	}
}


#define TX_BUF_LEN   2048
static unsigned char txbuf[2047];
static unsigned int r_idx = 0;
static unsigned int w_idx = 0;

static int isFull(void)                          //判断环形缓冲区是否已经满
{
	if ((w_idx + 1) % TX_BUF_LEN == r_idx)
		return 1;
	else
		return 0;
}

static int isEmpty(void)                   //判断环形缓冲区是不是空
{
	return (w_idx == r_idx);
}

static int putData(unsigned char data)        //在环形缓冲区中放入数据
{
	if (isFull())
		return -1;
	else
	{
		txbuf[w_idx] = data;
		w_idx = (w_idx + 1) % TX_BUF_LEN;
		return 0;
	}
}

static int getData(unsigned char *pdata)          //从环形缓冲区获取数据
{
	if (isEmpty())
	{
		return -1;
	}
	else
	{
		*pdata = txbuf[r_idx];
		r_idx = (r_idx + 1) % TX_BUF_LEN;
		return 0;
	}
}

void putc(char c)
{
	putData(c);    /* 把数据放到缓冲区里去 */

	/* 如果"uart 发送中断"未使能的话，使能"uart 发送中断" */
	uart_tx_int_enable(); 
}

void do_uart_irq(void)         //uart的中断处理
{
	int i;
	int cnt;
	unsigned char c;
	
	if (UINTP0 & (1<<2))         
	{
		/* 对于发送中断 */
		 if (isEmpty())
		 {
		 	/* 禁止中断 */
			uart_tx_int_disable();
		 }
		 else
		 {
		 	/* 从环型缓冲区里取出数据, 放到TX FIFO里去 */
			cnt = (UFSTAT0 >> 8) & 0x3f;
			cnt = 64 - cnt;
			for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
			{
				if (getData(&c) == 0)
				{
					UTXH0 = c;
				}
				else
				{
					break;
				}
			}
		 }
	}

	else if (UINTP0 & (1<<0))
	{
		/* 对于接收中断, 从RX FIFO里取出数据 */
	}

	/* 清中断 */
	UINTP0 = 0xf;
}

irq中断控制器的设置：

#define GPNCON     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008830))
#define GPNDAT     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008834))

#define EINT0CON0  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008900))
#define EINT0MASK  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008920))

#define EINT0PEND  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008924))

#define PRIORITY    (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008280))
#define SERVICE     (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008284))
#define SERVICEPEND (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7F008288))


#define VIC0IRQSTATUS  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200000))
#define VIC0FIQSTATUS  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200004))
#define VIC0RAWINTR    (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200008))
#define VIC0INTSELECT  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x7120000c))
#define VIC0INTENABLE  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200010))
#define VIC0INTENCLEAR (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200014))
#define VIC0PROTECTION (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200020))
#define VIC0SWPRIORITYMASK (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200024))
#define VIC0PRIORITYDAISY  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200028))

#define VIC0VECTADDR0      (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200100))
#define VIC0VECTADDR1      (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200104))
#define VIC0ADDRESS        (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71200f00))

#define VIC1IRQSTATUS  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71300000))
#define VIC1VECTADDR5      (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71300114))
#define VIC1INTENABLE  (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71300010))
#define VIC1ADDRESS        (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x71300f00))

void uart_irq_init(void);
void key_irq_init(void);


void eint0_3_irq(void)             //按键中断的处理
{
	int i;
	
	printf("eint0_3_irq\n\r");  /* K1~K4 */
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i ++)
	{
		if (EINT0PEND & (1<<i))
		{
			if (GPNDAT & (1<<i))
			{
				printf("K%d released\n\r", i+1);
			}
			else
			{
				printf("K%d pressed\n\r", i+1);
			}
		}
	}

}

void eint4_11_irq(void)
{
	int i;
	printf("eint4_11_irq\n\r"); /* K5~K6 */
	for (i = 4; i < 6; i ++)
	{
		if (EINT0PEND & (1<<i))
		{
			if (GPNDAT & (1<<i))
			{
				printf("K%d released\n\r", i+1);
			}
			else
			{
				printf("K%d pressed\n\r", i+1);
			}
		}
	}

}

void irq_init(void)       //中断初始化：按键和uart的中断初始化
{
	key_irq_init();
	uart_irq_init();
}


void uart_irq(void)
{
	/* 调用具体的中断处理函数 */
	do_uart_irq();            //处理中断，清中断源的中断
	/* 清中断 */
	VIC1ADDRESS = 0;         //清中断控制器的中断
}


void uart_irq_init(void)
{
	VIC1INTENABLE |= (1<<5); /* bit5: int_uart0 */ 使能中断控制器组的开关
	VIC1VECTADDR5 = uart_irq;//uart中断处理，会自动赋值给VIC1ADDRESS
}

void key_irq_init(void)
{
	/* 配置GPIO引脚为中断引脚 */
	/* GPN0~5 设为中断引脚 */
	GPNCON &= ~(0xfff);
	GPNCON |= 0xaaa;

	/* 设置中断触发方式为: 双边沿触发 */
	EINT0CON0 &= ~(0xfff);
	EINT0CON0 |= 0x777;

	/* 使能中断 */
	EINT0MASK &= ~(0x3f);

	/* 在中断控制器里使能这些中断 */
	VIC0INTENABLE |= (0x3); /* bit0: eint0~3, bit1: eint4~11 */ 

	VIC0VECTADDR0 = eint0_3_irq;
	VIC0VECTADDR1 = eint4_11_irq;

	/* 设置优先级 */
}


void do_irq(void)
{
	int i = 0;

	void (*the_isr)(void);

	if (VIC0IRQSTATUS)           //判断是哪个中断控制器发生的中断
	{
		the_isr = VIC0ADDRESS;
			
		/* 2.1 分辨是哪个中断 */
		/* 2.2 调用它的处理函数 */	
		/* 2.3 清中断 */	

		the_isr();
		
		EINT0PEND   = 0x3f;  /* 清中断 */
		VIC0ADDRESS = 0;
	}
	else if (VIC1IRQSTATUS)
	{
		the_isr = VIC1ADDRESS;
			
		/* 2.1 分辨是哪个中断 */
		/* 2.2 调用它的处理函数 */	
		/* 2.3 清中断 */	

		the_isr();
	}
}