python之__import__

昨天初步研究了一下python的__import__,发现很多东西。我觉得很难理解。

目录结构：

manager.py

/dbpackage

    models.py

运行manager.py shell（如果用过django的话，应该知道怎么回事）

>>> mod=__import__("dbpackage")
>>> mod
<module 'dbpackage' from 'E:/testProgram/DynamicImport/src/dynamicTest/dbpackage/__init__.pyc'>

这个好理解，导入包dbpackage

>>> mod=__import__("dbpackage.models")
>>> mod
<module 'dbpackage' from 'E:/testProgram/DynamicImport/src/dynamicTest/dbpackage/__init__.pyc'>

这个就不好理解，为什么没导入models？原来要导入models要这样做：

>>> mod=__import__("dbpackage.models",{},{},["models"])
>>> mod
<module 'dbpackage.models' from 'E:/testProgram/DynamicImport/src/dynamicTest/dbpackage/models.pyc'>

这样才可以导入models模块

需要进一步弄懂，查了一下官方文档，是这样写的：

When the name variable is of the form package.module, normally, the top-level package (the name up till the first dot) is returned,not the module named by name. However, when a non-emptyfromlist argument is given(真的只要不是空就可以了，你可以随便写，比如["a"]）, the module named byname is returned. This is done for compatibility with the bytecode generated for the different kinds of import statement; when using "import spam.ham.eggs", the top-level packagespam must be placed in the importing namespace, but when using "from spam.ham import eggs", thespam.ham subpackage must be used to find the eggs variable. As a workaround for this behavior, usegetattr() to extract the desired components. For example, you could define the following helper:

def my_import(name):
    mod = __import__(name)
    components = name.split('.')
    for comp in components[1:]:
        mod = getattr(mod, comp)
    return mod