008-TypeScript

简介

TypeScript 是 JS 的超集，文件已 .ts 后缀结尾，在 JS 的基础上，添加了 强类型，类，接口，泛型，枚举 等，让我们编写代码更严谨，代码低级错误能在编写时被检查出来，代码更优雅。
TS 官网
TypeScript中文网

1、基础类型

let isDone: boolean = true
let decNum: number = 5
let nameStr: string = 'bob'
let listArr: number[] = [1, 2, 3]
let listArr2: Array<string> = ['a', 'b']
let listArr3: [string, number] = ['a', 1]
let listArr4: any[] = ['a', 1, true]
enum Color {
  Red = '#f00',
  Green = '#0f0'
}
let c: Color = Color.Green // '#0f0'

2、断言类型

let someValue: any = 'this is a string'
let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length

3、接口

interface SquareConfig {
  color: string
  width?: number
}
function createSquare(config: SquareConfig): object {
  let newSquare: { [key: string]: any } = {}
  newSquare.color = config.color
  if (config.width) {
    newSquare.width = config.width
  }
  return newSquare
}

4、类

class Greeter {
  greeting: string
  constructor(message: string) {
    this.greeting = message
  }
  greet() {
    return 'Hello, ' + this.greeting
  }
}
let greeter = new Greeter('world')
// 类的继承
class Dog extends Greeter {
  constructor(message: string) {
    super(message)
  }
  bark() {
    console.log('Woof! Woof!')
  }
}