二刷指针下，超详细，只有你想不到的

二刷指针下，打好基础

1   指针与字符串
int main01()
{
        //指针与字符串
        char  a[] = “helloworld”;//定义了一个字符数组,字符数组内容为helloworld\0
        //定义一个指针用来保存数组首元素的地址
        char  * p = a;
        printf("%s\n",p);//%s打印一个字符串,要的是首个字符的地址
        printf("%s\n", p + 2);
        printf("%c\n",*(p+3));
        *p = ‘m’;
        printf("%s\n", p);
        //a++
        p++;
        *p = ‘o’;
        printf("%s\n", p);
        //printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));//11
        //printf("%d\n", sizeof§);//4

//printf("%d\n", strlen(a));//
        //printf("%d\n", strlen§);//

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

2   字符串常量
“hello”  字符串常量是不可以改变的,存在文字常量区
在使用时.双引号""代表取这个字符串首元素的地址
char  *p = “hello”;  //代表将字符串常量的地址赋值给指针p

int main()
{
        char  a[] = “helloworld”;//定义了一个字符数组,字符数组内容为helloworld
                                                      //定义一个指针用来保存数组首元素的地址
        char  * p = a;
        p = “abcdef”;//字符串常量存文字常量区,"“在使用时,取的是字符串首元素的地址
        //文字常量区的内容是不可以改变的
        printf(”%s\n",p);

printf("%d\n",sizeof§);//4
        printf("%d\n", sizeof(“abcdef”));//7

printf("%d\n", strlen§);//6
        printf("%d\n", strlen(“abcdef”));//6

*p = ‘m’;
        printf("%s\n",p);

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

3  字符指针作为形参

char * my_strcat(char * src, char dst)
{
        int n = strlen(src);
        int i = 0;
        while ((dst + i) !=  0)
        {
               *(src+n+i) =   *(dst + i);
               //src[n+i] = dst[i] ;
               i++;
        
        }
        *(src + n + i) = 0;
        return src;
}

int main()
{

char  str1[128] = “hello”;//hello123456\0
        char str2[128] = “123456”;
        my_strcat(str1,str2);
        printf("%s\n",my_strcat(str1, str2));
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

4 const修饰的指针变量
int main()
{
        char  buf[] = “hello”;
        char  str[] = “acbg”;
        const char  *p = buf;//const修饰指针,不能通过指针修改指针所指向的空间内容
        //*p = ‘b’;  err  不能通过p指针修改那块空间的内容
        char  * const  k = buf;//指针变量k初始化之后不能改变k指针变量本身的指向
//      k = “world”; err 
//      k = str; err
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

5   字符指针数组

//字符指针数组
//是一个数组,每一个元素是字符指针
int main()
{
        /*char *p1 = “heihei”;
        char p2 = “haha”;
        char p3 = “xixi”;/
        //char num[3] = { p1,p2,p3};
        char num[3]={ “heihei” ,“haha”,“xixi”};
        //定义一个指针保存num数组首元素的地址   &num[0]  num
        char **p = num;
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {
        //      printf("%s\n",(p+i));
               printf("%s\n", p[i]);
        }
        printf("%c\n",((p+1)+3));// *(p[1]+3)   == p[1][3]
        //for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        //{
        //      printf("%s\n",num[i]); 
        //}
        //printf("%c\n",*num[0]);//
        //printf("%c\n", *(num[1] + 1));
        //printf("%c\n", *(num[2]+2));

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

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6 字符指针数组作为main函数的形参
int  main(int  argc,char *argv[])

argc  是执行可执行程序是的参数个数
argv 是一个字符指针数组,保存的是参数(字符串)的首元素地址
//.*.exe    hello   123456
//char argv[] = { "..exe",    “hello”   “123456” };
int main(int  argc,char *argv[])
{
        /printf("%d\n",argc);
        printf("%s\n", argv[0]);
        printf("%s\n", argv[1]);
        printf("%s\n", argv[2]);
        printf("%s\n", argv[3]);/
        for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
        {
               printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
        }
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

7 字符串处理函数
strcpy
char str1[128]
char str2[128]
strcpy(str1,str2);//将str2的字符拷贝至str1数组中,注意,str2遇到\0结束,会将\0拷贝至str1
int main()
{
        char  str1[128] = “heiheihaha”;
        char str2[128] = “world”;
        strcpy( str1 ,  str2);
        printf("%s\n",str1);

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}
strcpy
char str1[128]
char str2[128]
strncpy(str1,str2,n);//将str2中的前n个字符拷贝至str1中,如果拷贝时不足n个,遇到\0拷贝结束
int main()
{
        char  str1[1024] = “”;//wo\0\0\0      wo\0rl
        char str2[128] = “wo\0rldhello”;
        //strcpy( str1 ,  str2);
        strncpy(str1,str2,5);
//      printf("%s\n",str1);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
        {
               printf("%d ",str1[i]);
        }

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}
strcat
strcat(str1,str2)//将str2字符数组中的字符连接到str1字符数组中,遇到\0结束
strncat(str1,str2,n)//将str2字符数组中的n个字符连接到str1字符数组中,遇到\0结束
int main()
{
        char  str1[1024] = “123456”;//wo\0\0\0      wo\0rl
        char str2[128] = “worldhello”;
        //strcat(str1,str2);//将str2的字符串拷贝到str1字符串的后面
        strncat(str1, str2,5);
        printf("%s\n",str1);

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}
strcmp
注意: 比较时遇到\0结束比较
int main()
{
        char  str1[] = “a\0bcdef”;
        char str2[] = “a\0cdrrr”;
        //str1数组中和str2数组拿出一个元素进行比较,相等继续往后比较
        //比较的是字符的ascii值
        //如果str1> str2  返回值等于1
        //如果str1==  str2  返回值等于0
        //如果str1 <str2  返回值等于 - 1
        //printf("%d\n",strcmp(str1,str2));
        printf("%d\n", strncmp(str1, str2,3));
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

sprintf:  组包函数
int  len = sprintf(buf,“格式”,“数据”);//将数据安装格式组包,存放在数组buf中,
sprintf函数的返回值是组完包的有效长度

int main()
{
        int  year = 2018;
        int  month = 10;
        int day = 20;
        char buf[1024] = “”;
        //printf(“year=%d month=%d day=%d \n”,year,month,day);
        int len = sprintf(buf,“year=%d %cmonth=%d day=%d \n”,year, 0,month, day);
        //printf("%d\n",strlen(buf));
        printf(“len=%d\n”,len);
        printf(“buf=[%s]”,buf);

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

sscanf 拆包函数
sscanf(buf,“格式”,数据);//将buf的内容格式化输出到数据

int main()
{
        //%d    0-9的字符
        int  year =0 ;
        int  month = 0;
        int day = 0;
        char  buf[1024] = “beijing:2018:t:10:20”;
        //scanf("%d:%d:%d",&year,&month,&day);//从键盘按照相应的格式获取数据
        sscanf(buf, “beijing:%d:t:%d:%d”, &year, &month, &day);//从buf中按照`相应的格式获取数据
        printf("%d %d %d\n",year,month,day);
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

strchr
strchr(buf,ch)//在buf字符数组中查找字符ch出现的位置,如果成功返回此字符出现位置的地址,如果没有找到,返回NULL
char *my_strchr(char *p, char ch)
{
        int i = 0;
        while (p[i] != 0)
        {
               if (p[i] == ch)
                       return &p[i];
               i++;
        }
        if (p[i] == 0)
               return NULL;

}
int main()
{
        char  str[] = “xixihellogworld”;
        char *p = strchr(str,‘g’);
        //char  *p =my_strchr(str,‘g’);
        printf("%s\n",p);

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

strstr
strstr(str1,str2)//在str1字符数组中查找str2字符串出现的位置,并且返回这个位置的地址
char *my_strstr(char *str1, char *str2)
{
        int i = 0;
        while (str1[i] != 0)
        {
               if (str1[i] == str2[0])
               {
                       if (0 == strncmp(str1 + i, str2, strlen(str2)))
                              return str1 + i;
               
               }
               i++;
        
        }
        if (str1[i] == 0)
               return NULL;
}
int main()
{
        char str1[] = “helloaabcfhaffjhafafha”;
        char str2[] = “abc”;
        //在str1中查找str2字符出现的位置
        //先找a字符,如果找到了a字符,在比较
        char *p = strstr(str1,str2);
        printf("%s\n",p);

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

strtok:

int main()
{
        char str[] = “15080015225&bangquan#82263&123456”;
        char *p[10] = {NULL};//初始化指针数组元素全部为NULL
        //strtok
        //char *p1 = strtok(str,"#");//在str1中将#切割,返回切割前面的字符串
        //printf("%s\n",p1);
        //char *p2 = strtok(NULL,"#");
        //printf("%s\n",p2);
        //char *p3 = strtok(NULL, “#”);
        //printf("%s\n", p3);
        int i = 0;
        do {
               if(i == 0)
                       p[i] = strtok(str, “#&”);
               else
                       p[i] = strtok(NULL, “#&”);
               //i++;
        
        } while ( p[i++] != NULL);//p[i] != NULL   i=i+1 如果strtok的返回值等于NULL,代表切割完毕
        i = 0;
        while (p[i] != NULL)
        {
               printf("%s\n",p[i++]);
        }
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}
atoi : 将字符串转整数
atof: 将字符串转float类型的数据

int  n = atoi(需要转的字符串)

8 字符串处理案例
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main()
{
        char  buf[] = “abcdefg”;

char *start = buf;
        char *end = &buf[strlen(buf) - 1];
        while (end > start)
        {
               char ch = *end;
               *end = *start;
               *start = ch;
               end–;
               start++;
        }

system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

int main02()
{
        char buf[] = "    hello world     ";//hello world
        char num[128] = “”;
        if (buf[0] == 0)
               return;
        char * start = buf;
        char *end = &buf[strlen(buf) - 1];//end指向最后一个字符
        //找到第一个不是空格的位置
        while (*start == ’ ’ &&  *start != 0)
        {
               start++;
        }
        while (*end == ’ ’  &&  end != start)
        {
               end–;

}
        printf("%d\n",end-start+1);
        strncpy(num,start,end-start+1);
        printf(“num=%s\n”,num);
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}

int  strstr_num(char *src, char *dst)
{
        int i = 0;
        char *p = src;
        int n = 0;

do
        {

p = strstr(p, dst);

//p = strstr(p+strlen(dst), dst);
               if (p != NULL)//如果查找返回的地址不等于NULL,代表找到了
               {
                       n++;
                       p = p + strlen(dst);
               }

} while (p != NULL);
        return n;
}

int main01()
{
        char src[] = “hdaabcdhaodabcahdaabchdoahdoaabcjdahfaabc”;
        char dst[] = “abc”;
        int n = strstr_num(src, dst);
        printf("%d\n", n);
        system(“pause”);
        return 0;
}