ubuntu安装postgis

环境：

1、已经安装的postgresql版本为9.6，具体查询如下：

sudo -u postgres psql
psql (9.6.24)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# SELECT version();
                                                               version                                                               
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 9.6.24 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (Ubuntu 9.6.24-4.pgdg18.04+1), compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0, 64-bit
(1 row)

postgres=# 

2、操作系统版本为ubuntu20.4，具体查询如下：

cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.15.0-67-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-029) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #74~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Feb 22 14:52:34 UTC 2023

安装问题

问题1：目录/var/cache/apt/archives，总是自动下载deb包

解决：禁用ubuntu自动更新机制

sudo systemctl disable unattended-upgrades
sudo systemctl stop unattended-upgrades

问题2：各种依赖报错：but it is not going to be installed，but it is not installable。

分析：折腾了很多，不知道哪个步骤生效，最终成功安装了，做个记录，供参考。

解决步骤1：添加 universe 仓库

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update

解决步骤2：修改pgdg.list

参考网站：在 ubuntu 20.04 LTS 上无法安装 postgis - Linux答疑百科

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ focal-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update

解决步骤3：修改etc/apt/sources.list，将源码镜像注释放开

参考网站：ubuntu20.04上安装postgresql12+postgis3_ubuntu20.04安装postgresql12+postgis-CSDN博客

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

解决步骤4：重启系统

离线安装

【安装问题】都解决后，执行以下步骤，进行离线安装

1、查看可安装的版本

sudo apt-cache search postgis
postgresql-9.5-pgrouting - Routing functionality support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS
postgresql-9.5-pgrouting-doc - Routing functionality support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS (Documentation)
postgresql-9.5-pgrouting-scripts - Routing functionality support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS - SQL scripts
postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.5 - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.5
postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.5-dbgsym - debug symbols for postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.5
postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.5-scripts - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.5 -- SQL scripts
postgresql-9.5-postgis-3 - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.5
postgresql-9.5-postgis-3-dbgsym - debug symbols for postgresql-9.5-postgis-3
postgresql-9.5-postgis-3-scripts - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.5 -- SQL scripts
postgresql-9.6-pgrouting - Routing functionality support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS
postgresql-9.6-pgrouting-doc - Routing functionality support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS (Documentation)
postgresql-9.6-pgrouting-scripts - Routing functionality support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS - SQL scripts
postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5 - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.6
postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5-dbgsym - debug symbols for postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5
postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5-scripts - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.6 -- SQL scripts
postgresql-9.6-postgis-3 - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.6
postgresql-9.6-postgis-3-dbgsym - debug symbols for postgresql-9.6-postgis-3
postgresql-9.6-postgis-3-scripts - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.6 -- SQL scripts
postgresql-postgis - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL -- Metapackage
postgresql-postgis-scripts - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL -- SQL scripts metapackage
postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.4-scripts - Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 9.6 -- SQL scripts
gsafety@ubuntu:/usr/local/data/postgisdata$ sudo apt install postgis postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5

2、下载离线安装包，选择的是postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5版本

sudo apt clean
sudo apt install -d postgis postgresql-9.6-postgis-2.5

离线安装包默认下载路径：/var/cache/apt/archives/

3、复制离线安装包到内网机器

3.1、安装离线包

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

3.2、如果因为依赖顺序等原因安装报错，可执行以下命令修复

sudo apt-get install -f

3.3、注意观查安装报错，如果是依赖版本不对，需要下载指定版本重新安装，如：

sudo apt-get download bcc-10-base=10.5.0

4、验证安装

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/echohye/p/18005059

注意，如果新建数据库，需要在当前数据库下再次执行 CREATE EXTENSION，会自动将函数和类型安装到当前数据库的public模式下。

sudo -u postgres psql

CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;

select postgis_full_version();
                                                                                            postgis_full_version                                                                                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 POSTGIS="2.5.5" [EXTENSION] PGSQL="96" GEOS="3.8.0-CAPI-1.13.1 " PROJ="Rel. 6.3.1, February 10th, 2020" GDAL="GDAL 3.0.4, released 2020/01/28" LIBXML="2.9.10" LIBJSON="0.13.1" LIBPROTOBUF="1.3.3" RASTER