Android中ContentProvider(内容提供器)的用法（总结）

内容提供者

用途：主要用于不同应用程序之间实现数据共享。比如，读取联系人，两个应用程序之间共享数据等。

类型：分为现有的内容提供器（系统自带的）和自定义的内容提供器。

实例：

一、现有的内容提供器。（读取联系人）

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Context mContext;

    private ListView lvContactList;

    private List<Tb_Contact> contactList;
    private Tb_Contact tb_contact;
    private LViewUniversalBaseAdapter<Tb_Contact> contactListAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        baseDataInit();
        bindViews();
        viewsAddListener();
        viewsDataInit();
    }

    private void baseDataInit() {
        mContext = this;
        contactList = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    private void bindViews() {
        lvContactList = findViewById(R.id.Main_lvContactList);
    }

    private void viewsAddListener() {

    }

    private void viewsDataInit() {
        contactListSetAdapter();
        checkPermission();
    }

    /**
     * 联系人列表添加数据适配器
     */
    private void contactListSetAdapter() {
        contactListAdapter = new LViewUniversalBaseAdapter<Tb_Contact>((ArrayList<Tb_Contact>) contactList, R.layout.layout_item_contact) {
            @Override
            public void bindView(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
                if (contactList.size() != 0) {
                    tb_contact = contactList.get(position);
                    holder.setText(R.id.Layout_Item_Contact_tvName, tb_contact.getName());
                    holder.setText(R.id.Layout_Item_Contact_tvTel, tb_contact.getTel());
                }
            }
        };
        lvContactList.setAdapter(contactListAdapter);
    }

    /**
     * 读取联系人
     */
    private void readContacts() {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        try {
            cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI
                    , null, null, null, null);
            if (cursor != null) {
                while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                    String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME));
                    String number = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
                    tb_contact = new Tb_Contact(name, number);
                    contactList.add(tb_contact);
                }
                contactListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 检查权限
     */
    private void checkPermission() {
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[] {Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, 1001);
        } else {
            readContacts();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1001: {
                if (grantResults.length >= 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    readContacts();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(mContext, "您还未开启权限！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
    }
}

二、自定义内容提供者，同时让其他应用程序访问并操作共享数据。

（1）创建一个自定义的MyDatabaseHelper数据库管理器。

public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    private Context mContext;

    public static final String CREATE_BOOK = "create table Book(id integer primary key autoincrement, author text, price real, pages integer, name text)";

    public MyDatabaseHelper(Context mContext, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(mContext, name, factory, version);
        this.mContext = mContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL("drop table if exists Book");
        onCreate(sqLiteDatabase);
    }
}

（2）创建一个自定义的内容提供者

/**
 * 自定义的内容提供者
 */
public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

    public static final int BOOK_DIR = 1;
    public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 2;

    public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider";

    private MyDatabaseHelper myDatabaseHelper;

    private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
    static {
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book/#", BOOK_ITEM);
    }

    public MyContentProvider() {
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        // Implement this to handle requests to delete one or more rows.
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = myDatabaseHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        int deleteRows = 0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR: {
                deleteRows = sqLiteDatabase.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            }
            case BOOK_ITEM: {
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                deleteRows = sqLiteDatabase.delete("Book", "id = ?", new String[] { bookId });
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
        return deleteRows;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests for the MIME type of the data
        // at the given URI.
        String result = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR: {
                result = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider.book";
                break;
            }
            case BOOK_ITEM: {
                result = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider.book";
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to insert a new row.
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = myDatabaseHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        Uri uriReturn = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
            case BOOK_ITEM: {
                long newBookId = sqLiteDatabase.insert("Book", null, values);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + newBookId);
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
        return uriReturn;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        // TODO: Implement this to initialize your content provider on startup.
        myDatabaseHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookStore.db", null, 2);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle query requests from clients.
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = myDatabaseHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = null;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR: {
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("Book", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            }
            case BOOK_ITEM: {
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("Book", projection, "id = ?", new String[] {bookId}, null, null, sortOrder);
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
        return cursor;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                      String[] selectionArgs) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to update one or more rows.
        SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase = myDatabaseHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        int updateRows = 0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR: {
                updateRows = sqLiteDatabase.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            }
            case BOOK_ITEM: {
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updateRows = sqLiteDatabase.update("Book", values, "id = ?", new String[] {bookId});
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
        return updateRows;
    }
}

（3）在AndroidManifest.xml清单文件里注册ContentProvider。

<provider
    android:name=".MyContentProvider"
    android:authorities="com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true"></provider>

（4）再创建一个应用程序获取并操作内容提供者的数据。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private Context mContext;

    private Button btnAdd, btnSelect, btnUpdate, btnDelete;

    private String newBookId;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        baseDataInit();
        bindViews();
        viewsAddListener();
        viewsDataInit();
    }

    private void baseDataInit() {
        mContext = this;
    }

    private void bindViews() {
        btnAdd = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnAdd);
        btnSelect = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnSelect);
        btnUpdate = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnUpdate);
        btnDelete = findViewById(R.id.Main_btnDelete);
    }

    private void viewsAddListener() {
        btnAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnSelect.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnUpdate.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnDelete.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    private void viewsDataInit() {

    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.Main_btnAdd: {
                addData();
                break;
            }
            case R.id.Main_btnSelect: {
                selectData();
                break;
            }
            case R.id.Main_btnUpdate: {
                updateData();
                break;
            }
            case R.id.Main_btnDelete: {
                deleteData();
                break;
            }
            default:break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 添加数据
     */
    private void addData() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider/book");
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("name", "A Clash of Kings");
        values.put("author", "Linux");
        values.put("pages", 1050);
        values.put("price", 22.50);
        Uri newUri = getContentResolver().insert(uri, values);
        newBookId = newUri.getPathSegments().get(1);
        Toast.makeText(mContext, "添加成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    /**
     * 查询数据
     */
    private void selectData() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider/book");
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
                String author = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("author"));
                int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pages"));
                double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndex("price"));
                Log.e("name", name);
                Log.e("author", author);
                Log.e("pages", pages + "");
                Log.e("price", price + "");
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        Toast.makeText(mContext, "查询成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    /**
     * 更新数据
     */
    private void updateData() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider/book/" + newBookId);
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("name", "Lion of The Forest");
        values.put("author", "Divide");
        values.put("pages", 890);
        values.put("price", 22.50);
        getContentResolver().update(uri, values, null, null);
        Toast.makeText(mContext, "更新成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    /**
     * 删除数据
     */
    private void deleteData() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.crazyboy.contentproviderdemo.provider/book/" + newBookId);
        getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
        Toast.makeText(mContext, "删除成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }