JAVA 反射

Java反射可以获取构造函数，成员变量，方法等反射对象，通过程序化的方式间接对Class对象实例进行操作，同时可以绕过在类外部无法访问私有成员(private,protected)的限制

有两种方式获取Class实例：

• Class静态方法forName(全路径类名)
• ClassLoader实例方法loadClass(全路径类名)

获取具体类实例的方法(假设Class实例为clazz)：

• clazz.newInstance()方法,只能调用无参构造函数
• clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Class… arg0).newInstance(Object… arg0)

测试代码

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int num;

    public Student()
    {}

    public Student(String name,Integer num)
    {
        this.name=name;
        this.num=num.intValue();
    }   

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public void setNum(Integer num) {
        this.num = num.intValue();
    }

    public void printInfo()
    {
        System.out.println("name: "+name+"num: "+num);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException,IllegalAccessException, 
    NoSuchMethodException,  SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //通过Class获取Class实例
        Class clazz=Class.forName("Student");
        Student student1=(Student)clazz.newInstance();

        student1.setName("Robin");
        student1.setNum(1);
        student1.printInfo();

        //通过ClassLoader获取Class实例
        clazz=Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass("Student");
       //无参构造器
        Constructor cons=clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[])null);
        Student student2=(Student)cons.newInstance();
        //通过反射设置属性
        Method setName=clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        setName.invoke(student2, "Pony");
        Method setNum=clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setNum", Integer.class);
        setNum.invoke(student2, 2);     
        student2.printInfo();   
        //有参构造器
        Constructor cons2=clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,Integer.class);
        Student student3=(Student) cons2.newInstance("Jack",3);
        student3.printInfo();
    }

}

实验结果

name: Robin num: 1
name: Pony num: 2
name: Jack num: 3