R语言学习笔记(二、数据基础知识)
基本的数据类型
123
2.34
"Hello World"
TRUE
T
FALSE
F
is.numeric(123)
is.character('123')
is.logical(TRUE)
as.numeric('123456')
as.numeric(T)
as.numeric(F)
as.character(123)
as.logical(2)
NA
NULL
NaN
Inf
-Inf
pi
letters
LETTERS
month.name
month.abb
基本的数据结构
- 赋值语句
给R对象赋值使用 <- ,不推荐使用=,<- 的快捷键为alt - 或者alt +。 - R中的数据结构主要有:向量、矩阵、列表、数据框;重点掌握各种R对象的创建和索引。
v1 <- 1:5
v2 <- c(3,4,5,6,7)
v3 <- rep(v2,times=2,each=2)
v4 <- seq(from=2,to=100,by=2)
v4 <- seq(from=2,to=100,length.out = 50)
label <- 'age'
names(v1) <- label
length(v2)
length(v2) <- 10
v1[3]
v1[c(1,2,3)]
v1[-c(1,2,3)]
v1['age']
v1[v1%%2==1]
m1 <- matrix(data=1:6,
nrow=2,
byrow=F,
dimnames = NULL)
colnames(m1)
rownames(m1)
dimnames(m1)
dim(m1)
ncol(m1)
nrow(m1)
m1[1,2]
m1[1,]
m1[,2]
as.vector(m1)
array()
l1 <- list(com1 = v1,
com1 = m1)
length(l1)
l1$com1
l1[['com1']]
l1[[1]]
l1['com1']
l1[2]
l1$com3 <- 1:10
unlist(l1)
l.ex <- list(a = list(1:5, LETTERS[1:5]), b = "Z", c = NA)
unlist(l.ex, recursive = FALSE)
unlist(l.ex, recursive = TRUE)
df1 <- data.frame(
c1 = 2:5,
c2 = LETTERS[2:5]
)
dim(df1)
ncol(df1)
nrow(df1)
dimnames(df1)
names(df1)
colnames(df1)
df1[1:2,2]
df1[,2]
df1[1,]
df1$c1
df1['c1']
df1[[2]]
df1$c1 <- 1:2
expand.grid(mtry=2:5,
ntree=c(200,500))