FPGA作业感想

遇到的困难

先看源码

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//
// Company: 
// Engineer: 
// 
// Create Date: 2020/10/19 18:34:54
// Design Name: 
// Module Name: selling
// Project Name: 
// Target Devices: 
// Tool Versions: 
// Description: 
// 
// Dependencies: 
// 
// Revision:
// Revision 0.01 - File Created
// Additional Comments:
// 
//
module main(key, clk, rst, a_to_g, an, sel_goods, deal, disp_dot, led);
//=========================输入和输出===========================================
input[1:0] key; //投币按钮
input clk; //计时器
input rst; //重置交易记录和数码管显示
input deal; //交易按钮
output [6:0] a_to_g; //数码管数字显示
output reg[3:0] an; //用来点亮数码管
output reg disp_dot; //小数点
input wire [2:0]sel_goods; // 用来选择商品 001代表可乐 011代表红茶 100代表乌龙茶
output reg [7:0] led;//灯光效果！
//=========================变量================================================
//把金额以角为单位
//num[15:12]表示商品价格的十位
//num[11:8]表示商品价格的个位
//num[7：4]表示输入金额的十位
//num[3:0]表示输入金额的个位
reg [15:0] num = 16'b0;
reg [3:0]disp_num; //数码管显示数字
reg [11:0]num_goods = 12'h555; //初始设置库存都为
reg [23:0]clk_cnt = 24'b0; //时钟计数
reg [26:0]blink_clk_cnt = 27'b0;//用于计数闪烁时间
reg [15:0] changes; //找零金额
reg ch_flag = 0; //找零标志位
reg goods_flag = 1; //库存标志位
reg deal_flag  = 0; //交易是否进行的标志位
wire deal_success_flag; //交易是否成功的标志
reg [3:0] num_goods_disp; //用于显示库存
reg [4:0] num_5_jiao = 4'b0; //投入的5角的数量
reg [4:0] num_1_yuan = 4'b0; //投入的1元的数量
reg blink_flag = 1; //闪烁标志
reg blink_rst;//闪烁重置

//=========================商品选择=============================================
//001代表可乐 对应的数字为20
//010代表红茶 对应的数字为35
//100代表乌龙茶 对应的数字为30
always @(posedge clk)
begin
case(sel_goods)
1:num[15:8] = 8'b00100000;
2:num[15:8] = 8'b00110101;
4:num[15:8] = 8'b00110000;
default:num[15:8] = 8'b00000000;
endcase
end


//=========================输入金额===========================================
//输入5角
always @(posedge key[0] or posedge rst)
begin
if (rst)
    num_5_jiao = 4'b0;
else
    num_5_jiao = num_5_jiao + 1;
end

//输入1元
always @(posedge key[1] or posedge rst) 
begin
if (rst)
    num_1_yuan = 4'b0; 
else
    num_1_yuan = num_1_yuan + 1;
end

// 汇总金额
always @(posedge clk)
begin
    //个位数字（小数部分）只与5角的数量有关
    //5角的个数为奇数，则为5；个数为偶数，则为0
    if (num_5_jiao[0])
        num[3:0] = 4'b0101;
    else 
        num[3:0] = 4'b0;
    //十位数字则与1元和5角的数量有关
    //因为2个5角就是1元，所以只要取5角的个数的前三位
    num[7:4] = num_1_yuan + num_5_jiao[3:1];
end


//=========================交易===================================================
assign deal_success_flag = ch_flag & goods_flag;
always @(posedge deal or posedge rst)
begin
//按下rst按键，重置交易记录
if (rst)
    begin
    ch_flag = 0;
    deal_flag = 0;
    goods_flag = 1;
    blink_rst = 1;
    end
else
    begin
    blink_rst = 0;
    deal_flag = 1;
    //输入金额大于等于商品价格                                                    
    if (num[7:0] >= num[15:8])
        begin
        changes[15:8] = 8'b0;
        //找零
        if (num[3:0] >= num[11:8])
            changes[7:0] = num[7:0] - num[15:8];
        else 
            begin
            changes[3:0] = 4'b0101;
            changes[7:4] = num[7:4] - num[15:12] - 1;
            end
        
        //标志位
        ch_flag = 1;
        //减去库存
        case(sel_goods)
            1:
            begin
            if (num_goods[3:0] >= 1)
                begin
                num_goods[3:0] = num_goods[3:0] - 1;
                goods_flag = 1;
                end
            else 
                goods_flag = 0;
            end
            2:
            begin
            if (num_goods[7:4] >= 1)
                begin
                num_goods[7:4] = num_goods[7:4] - 4'b1;
                goods_flag = 1;
                end
            else 
                goods_flag = 0;
            end
            4:
            begin
            if (num_goods[11:8] >= 1)
                begin
                num_goods[11:8] = num_goods[11:8] - 1;
                goods_flag = 1;
                end
            else 
                goods_flag = 0;
            end
        
        default: num_goods = num_goods;
        endcase
        end
    //输入金额小于商品价格
    else 
        ch_flag = 0;
    end
end

//=========================数码管显示==============================================
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if (clk_cnt == 24'hFFFFFF)
    clk_cnt = 24'b0;
else
    clk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1;

//重置闪烁标志
if (blink_rst)
    blink_flag = 1;

//未进行交易时
if (!deal_flag)
    begin
    disp_dot = dot_get(clk_cnt, 4'b1010);
    disp_num = disp_num_get(clk_cnt, num);
    an = an_get(clk_cnt);
    end
//交易后
else
    begin
    //交易成功，显示零钱
    if (deal_success_flag)
        begin
        //交易成功的灯光闪烁效果
        case (clk_cnt[23:21])
            0:led = 8'b00000001;
            1:led = 8'b00000010;
            2:led = 8'b00000100;
            3:led = 8'b00001000;
            4:led = 8'b00010000;
            5:led = 8'b00100000;
            6:led = 8'b01000000;
            7:led = 8'b10000000;
        endcase
        disp_dot = dot_get(clk_cnt, 4'b0010);
        disp_num = disp_num_get(clk_cnt, changes);
        an = an_get(clk_cnt);
        end
    //金额不足交易失败，闪烁数字6次，大约2秒
    else if (!ch_flag)
        begin
        if (blink_flag)
            begin
            blink_clk_cnt = blink_clk_cnt + 1;
            if (blink_clk_cnt[26] && blink_clk_cnt[25])
                begin
                blink_flag = 0;
                blink_clk_cnt = 0;
                end
            if (clk_cnt[23])
                begin
                disp_dot = dot_get(clk_cnt, 4'b1010);
                disp_num = disp_num_get(clk_cnt, num);
                an = an_get(clk_cnt);
                end         
            end
        else
            begin
            disp_dot = dot_get(clk_cnt, 4'b1000);
            disp_num = disp_num_get(clk_cnt, num);
            an = an_get(clk_cnt);
            end
        end
    //库存不足交易失败，显示库存，肯定是0啊
    else if(!goods_flag)
        begin
        disp_dot = dot_get(clk_cnt, 4'b1111);
        disp_num = disp_num_get(clk_cnt, 16'b0);
        an = an_get(clk_cnt);
        end
    end
end

//=========================得到显示数字函数=========================================
//根据计数器交替输出显示数字
function [3:0] disp_num_get;
    input [23:0] clk_cnt;
    input [16:0] num;
    begin
    case (clk_cnt[15:14])
        0:disp_num_get = num[3:0];
        1:disp_num_get = num[7:4];
        2:disp_num_get = num[11:8];
        3:disp_num_get = num[15:12];
    endcase
    end
endfunction

//=========================小数点显示函数==========================================
function dot_get;
    input [23:0] clk_cnt;
    input [3:0] dot;
    begin
    case (clk_cnt[15:14])
        0:dot_get = dot[0];
        1:dot_get = dot[1];
        2:dot_get = dot[2];
        3:dot_get = dot[3];
    endcase
    end
endfunction
//=========================数码管交替点亮函数=======================================
//根据计数器交替输出应该点亮的数码管
function [3:0] an_get;
    input [23:0] clk_cnt;
    begin
    case (clk_cnt[15:14])
        0:an_get = 4'b0001;
        1:an_get = 4'b0010;
        2:an_get = 4'b0100;
        3:an_get = 4'b1000;
    endcase
    end
endfunction

clk_sw_7seg_sub A1( .NUM(disp_num),
.a_to_g(a_to_g));
endmodule 

//=========================数码管显示模块===========================================
module clk_sw_7seg_sub(
input [3:0]NUM,
output reg[6:0]a_to_g
);

always @(*)
 begin
 case(NUM) //判断要显示的字形，赋值给段码变量相应数值
 0:a_to_g=7'b1111110; //显示字形"0"
 1:a_to_g=7'b0110000;
 2:a_to_g=7'b1101101;
 3:a_to_g=7'b1111001;
 4:a_to_g=7'b0110011;
 5:a_to_g=7'b1011011;
 6:a_to_g=7'b1011111;
 7:a_to_g=7'b1110000;
 8:a_to_g=7'b1111111;
 9:a_to_g=7'b1111011;
 'hA: a_to_g=7'b1110111;
 'hB: a_to_g=7'b0011111;
 'hC: a_to_g=7'b1001110;
 'hD: a_to_g=7'b0111101;
 'hE: a_to_g=7'b1001111;
 'hF: a_to_g=7'b1000111; //显示字形"F"
 default: a_to_g=7'b1111110;
 endcase
 end
endmodule

约束文件

set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[6]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {a_to_g[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN A4 [get_ports {a_to_g[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN A3 [get_ports {a_to_g[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B1 [get_ports {a_to_g[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN A1 [get_ports {a_to_g[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B3 [get_ports {a_to_g[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {an[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {an[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {an[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {an[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {key[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {key[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[7]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[6]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[5]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[4]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[3]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {led[0]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {sel_goods[2]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {sel_goods[1]}]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {sel_goods[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN G2 [get_ports {an[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN C2 [get_ports {an[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN C1 [get_ports {an[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H1 [get_ports {an[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B2 [get_ports {a_to_g[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN B4 [get_ports {a_to_g[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN K1 [get_ports {led[7]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H6 [get_ports {led[6]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN H5 [get_ports {led[5]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN J5 [get_ports {led[4]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN K6 [get_ports {led[3]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN L1 [get_ports {led[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN M1 [get_ports {led[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN K3 [get_ports {led[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P3 [get_ports {sel_goods[2]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P4 [get_ports {sel_goods[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P5 [get_ports {sel_goods[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN V1 [get_ports {key[1]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN R11 [get_ports {key[0]}]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN P17 [get_ports clk]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports clk]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports deal]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports disp_dot]
set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports rst]

set_property PACKAGE_PIN D5 [get_ports disp_dot]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN R15 [get_ports rst]
set_property PACKAGE_PIN U4 [get_ports deal]
set_property CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE FALSE [get_nets key_IBUF[0]]
set_property CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE FALSE [get_nets key_IBUF[1]]
set_property CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE FALSE [get_nets deal_IBUF]
set_property CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE FALSE [get_nets rst_IBUF]
set_property CONFIG_MODE SPIx4 [current_design]

源码中

LED共阴共阳的区别。
何时显示某种led

约束文件

多次报错，明白要添加语句

set_property CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE FALSE [get_nets variable_IBUF]