文章内容来源于狄泰软件学院唐老师C++课程课件。
一、值得思考的问题
i++;
i的值作为返回值,i自增1
++i;i自增1,i的值作为返回值
两者在实际工程没有区别。
实例:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i = 0;
i++;
++i;
return 0;
}
现代编译器产品会对代码进行优化
优化使得最终的二进制程序更加高效
优化后的二进制程序丢失了C/C++的原生语义
不可能从编译后的二进制程序还原C/C++程序
二、思考:++操作符可以重载吗?
如何区分前置++和后置++?
++操作符重载
- 全局函数和成员函数均可进行重载
- 重载前置++操作符不需要额外的参数
- 重载后置++操作符需要一个int类型的占位参数。
实例:++操作符的重载
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Test
{
int mValue;
public:
Test(int i)
{
mValue=i;
}
int value()
{
return mValue;
}
Test& operator ++()
{
++mValue;
return *this;
}
Test operator ++(int)
{
Test ret(mValue);//在C语言中可知,后置++,需要一个临时变量储存中间的过程。
mValue++;
return ret;
}
};
int main()
{
Test t(0);
++t;
cout<<"t.i="<<t.value()<<endl;
Test tt=++t;
cout<<"tt.i="<<tt.value()<<endl;
cout<<endl;
Test t1(0);
Test t2=t1++;
cout<<"t2.i="<<t2.value()<<endl;
cout<<"t1.i="<<t1.value()<<endl;
return 0;
}
t.i=1
tt.i=2
t2.i=0
t1.i=1
Test t1(0);//0初始化t1为0;
Test t2=t1++;先将t1赋值给t2,然后t1加1.
真正的区别:
- 对于基础类型的变量
(1)前置++的效率和后置++的效率基本相同
(2)根据项目组编码规范进行选择 - 对于类类型的对象
(1)前置++ 的效率高于后置++
(2)尽量使用前置++操作符提高程序效率
三、复数类的进一步完善
#include "Complex.h"
#include "math.h"
Complex::Complex(double a, double b)
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
double Complex::getA()
{
return a;
}
double Complex::getB()
{
return b;
}
double Complex::getModulus()
{
return sqrt(a * a + b * b);
}
Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a + c.a;
double nb = b + c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a - c.a;
double nb = b - c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a * c.a - b * c.b;
double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c)
{
double cm = c.a * c.a + c.b * c.b;
double na = (a * c.a + b * c.b) / cm;
double nb = (b * c.a - a * c.b) / cm;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c)
{
return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b);
}
bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c)
{
return !(*this == c);
}
Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c)
{
if( this != &c )
{
a = c.a;
b = c.b;
}
return *this;
}
Complex& Complex::operator ++ ()
{
a = a + 1;
b = b + 1;
return *this;
}
Complex Complex::operator ++ (int)
{
Complex ret(a, b);
a = a + 1;
b = b + 1;
return ret;
}
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_
#define _COMPLEX_H_
class Complex
{
double a;
double b;
public:
Complex(double a = 0, double b = 0);
double getA();
double getB();
double getModulus();
Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
Complex operator / (const Complex& c);
bool operator == (const Complex& c);
bool operator != (const Complex& c);
Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);
Complex& operator ++ ();
Complex operator ++ (int);
};
#endif
总结:
- 编译优化使得最终的可执行程序更加高效
- 前置++操作符和后置++操作符都可以被重载
- ++操作符的重载必须符合其原生语义
- 对于类类型,前置++的效率高于后置++。