第四十三课：继承的概念和意义----狄泰软件学院

文章来源于狄泰软件学院唐老师C++课程课件
一、问题：类之间是否存在直接的关联关系？
组合关系：整体与部分的关系
实例分析：组合关系的描述

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Memory
{
public:
    Memory()
    {
        cout << "Memory()" << endl;
    }
    ~Memory()
    {
        cout << "~Memory()" << endl;
    }
};

class Disk
{
public:
    Disk()
    {
        cout << "Disk()" << endl;
    }
    ~Disk()
    {
        cout << "~Disk()" << endl;
    }   
};

class CPU
{
public:
    CPU()
    {
        cout << "CPU()" << endl;
    }
    ~CPU()
    {
        cout << "~CPU()" << endl;
    }    
};

class MainBoard
{
public:
    MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "MainBoard()" << endl;
    }
    ~MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "~MainBoard()" << endl;
    }    
};

class Computer
{
    Memory mMem;
    Disk mDisk;
    CPU mCPU;
    MainBoard mMainBoard;
public:
    Computer()
    {
        cout << "Computer()" << endl;
    }
    void power()
    {
        cout << "power()" << endl;
    }
    void reset()
    {
        cout << "reset()" << endl;
    }
    ~Computer()
    {
        cout << "~Computer()" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{   
    Computer c;
    
    return 0;
}
Memory()
Disk()
CPU()
MainBoard()
Computer()
~Computer()
~MainBoard()
~CPU()
~Disk()
~Memory()

实例分析：继承初体验

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
    int mv;
public:
    Parent()
    {
        cout << "Parent()" << endl;
        mv = 100;
    }
    void method()
    {
        cout << "mv = " << mv << endl;
    }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
    void hello()
    {
        cout << "I'm Child calss!" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{   
    Child c;
    
    c.hello();
    c.method();
    
    return 0;
}
Parent()
I'm Child calss!
mv = 100

重要规则：

1. 子类就是一个特殊的父类
2. 子类对象可以直接初始化父类对象
3. 子类对象可以直接赋值给父类对象

继承的意义：
继承是C++中代码复用的重要手段。通过继承，可以获得父类的所有功能，并且可以在子类中重写已有的功能，或者添加新功能。

实例分析：继承的强化练习

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Memory
{
public:
    Memory()
    {
        cout << "Memory()" << endl;
    }
    ~Memory()
    {
        cout << "~Memory()" << endl;
    }
};

class Disk
{
public:
    Disk()
    {
        cout << "Disk()" << endl;
    }
    ~Disk()
    {
        cout << "~Disk()" << endl;
    }   
};

class CPU
{
public:
    CPU()
    {
        cout << "CPU()" << endl;
    }
    ~CPU()
    {
        cout << "~CPU()" << endl;
    }    
};

class MainBoard
{
public:
    MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "MainBoard()" << endl;
    }
    ~MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "~MainBoard()" << endl;
    }    
};

class Computer
{
    Memory mMem;
    Disk mDisk;
    CPU mCPU;
    MainBoard mMainBoard;
public:
    Computer()
    {
        cout << "Computer()" << endl;
    }
    void power()
    {
        cout << "power()" << endl;
    }
    void reset()
    {
        cout << "reset()" << endl;
    }
    ~Computer()
    {
        cout << "~Computer()" << endl;
    }
};

class HPBook : public Computer
{
    string mOS;
public:
    HPBook()
    {
        mOS = "Windows 8";
    }
    void install(string os)
    {
        mOS = os;
    }
    void OS()
    {
        cout << mOS << endl;
    }
};

class MacBook : public Computer
{
public:
    void OS()
    {
        cout << "Mac OS" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{   
    HPBook hp;
    
    hp.power();
    hp.install("Ubuntu 16.04 LTS");
    hp.OS();
    
    cout << endl;
    
    MacBook mac;
    
    mac.OS();
    
    return 0;
}
Memory()
Disk()
CPU()
MainBoard()
Computer()
power()
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Memory()
Disk()
CPU()
MainBoard()
Computer()
Mac OS
~Computer()
~MainBoard()
~CPU()
~Disk()
~Memory()
~Computer()
~MainBoard()
~CPU()
~Disk()
~Memory()

总结：

1. 继承是面向对象中类之间的一种关系
2. 子类拥有父类的所有属性和行为
3. 子类对象可以当作父类对象使用
4. 子类中可以添加父类没有的方法和属性
5. 继承是面向对象中代码复用的重要手段