A40i开发板语音配置

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于 2024-03-21 14:38:59 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 嵌入式文章标签： linux 语音 amixer

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lu_linux/article/details/136906277

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本文详细介绍了A40i/T3设备上的AudioCodec音频编解码器如何通过ALSA进行系统配置，包括列出声卡、控制音量、耳机和喇叭测试，以及使用amixer和aplay工具进行音频播放和设备管理。

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A40i/T3 内部集成 Audio Codec 是一款带耳机放大器的高品质立体声音频编解码器。用户可以使用文件系统内带的 ALSA 音频录制、播放、配置工具进行测试。

一、音频系统简单配置

1. ALSA

在 ALSA 的定义里，系统中的每一个音频设备都称作“声卡”。可以使用如下命令列出所有已连接的音频设备：

# cat /proc/asound/cards
 0 [audiocodec     ]: audiocodec - audiocodec
                      audiocodec
 1 [sndhdmi        ]: sndhdmi - sndhdmi
                      sndhdmi
#

可以看到此时系统中有2个声卡，声卡 0 audiocodec和声卡1 sndhdmi。

或者通过下面的指令查看当前设备的声卡

# aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: audiocodec [audiocodec], device 0: SUNXI-CODEC sun8iw11codec-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: sndhdmi [sndhdmi], device 0: SUNXI-HDMIAUDIO sndhdmi-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
#

用amixer scontents查看有哪些参数可以控制（包含所有控制器的音量信息）

# amixer scontents
Simple mixer control 'Headphone',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Headphone volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 63
  Mono: 59 [94%]
Simple mixer control 'PCM music volume',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 255
  Front Left: 255 [100%]
  Front Right: 255 [100%]
Simple mixer control 'FM gain volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Mono: 3 [43%]
Simple mixer control 'Phone Out Mixer LOMIX',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Phone Out Mixer MIC1 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Phone Out Mixer MIC2 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Phone Out Mixer ROMIX',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Phoneout Speaker',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'ADC gain volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Mono: 3 [43%]
Simple mixer control 'HPL Mux',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'DAC' 'OMIX'
  Item0: 'DAC'
Simple mixer control 'HPR Mux',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'DAC' 'OMIX'
  Item0: 'DAC'
Simple mixer control 'LINEIN Mixer volume',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Front Left: 3 [43%]
  Front Right: 3 [43%]
Simple mixer control 'LINEIN gain volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Mono: 3 [43%]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer FML',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer LINEINL',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer LINEINLR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer LOMIX',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer MIC1 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer MIC2 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Left Input Mixer ROMIX',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer DACL',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer DACR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer FML',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer LINEINL',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer LINEINLR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer MIC1 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Left Output Mixer MIC2 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'MIC gain volume',0
  Capabilities: volume
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Front Left: 3 [43%]
  Front Right: 3 [43%]
Simple mixer control 'MIC1 boost volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Mono: 4 [57%]
Simple mixer control 'MIC2 Mux',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'MIC3IN' 'MIC2IN'
  Item0: 'MIC2IN'
Simple mixer control 'MIC2 boost volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Mono: 4 [57%]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer FMR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer LINEINLR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer LINEINR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer LOMIX',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer MIC1 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer MIC2 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Right Input Mixer ROMIX',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer DACL',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer DACR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [on]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer FMR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer LINEINLR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer LINEINR',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer MIC1 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'Right Output Mixer MIC2 Boost',0
  Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Mono: Playback [off]
Simple mixer control 'codec hub mode',0
  Capabilities: enum
  Items: 'null' 'hub_disable' 'hub_enable'
  Item0: 'hub_disable'
Simple mixer control 'digital volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 63
  Mono: 63 [100%]
Simple mixer control 'phoneout volume',0
  Capabilities: volume volume-joined
  Playback channels: Mono
  Capture channels: Mono
  Limits: 0 - 7
  Mono: 3 [43%]
#

2.speaker 放音测试，打开两个混频器、喇叭并设置音量。

root@A40i~/root$ amixer cset numid=15,iface=MIXER,name='Phone Out Mixer LOMIX Switch'

root@A40i~/root$ amixer cset numid=16,iface=MIXER,name='Phone Out Mixer ROMIX Switch'

root@A40i~/root$ amixer cset numid=48,iface=MIXER,name='Phoneout Speaker Switch' on

root@A40i~/root$ amixer cset numid=2,iface=MIXER,name='digital volume' 50

3.耳机放音测试

如果耳机与喇叭同时打开时，默认（声卡0）从喇叭输出。需拔出喇叭。

root@A40i~/root$ aplay -Dhw:0,0 /root/wo.wav

// 播放音频文件 wo.wav

Playing WAVE '/usr/bin/Rear_Center.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 22050 Hz, Stereo

这个命令使用了aplay工具来播放音频文件，并指定了使用硬件声卡编号为0的设备进行播放。下面是对这个命令的解析：

aplay: 这是一个用于播放音频文件的命令行工具，通常用于Linux系统。
-Dhw:0,0: 这是aplay命令的一个选项，用于指定播放音频时使用的设备。其中hw:0,0表示硬件设备号为0的第一个子设备，通常用于指定声卡设备。这个部分可以根据系统实际情况进行调整，例如如果要使用第二个子设备可以写作hw:0,1，依此类推。
/root/wo.wav: 这是要播放的音频文件的路径和文件名。在这个例子中，音频文件是位于/root目录下，文件名为wo.wav。需要注意的是，这里的文件路径应该根据实际文件所在位置进行调整。

因此，这个命令的作用是使用声卡编号为0的设备来播放位于/root/wo.wav路径下的音频文件。

当前系统中所有可用控制器的 amixer 命令

# amixer controls
numid=3,iface=MIXER,name='Headphone volume'
numid=47,iface=MIXER,name='Headphone Switch'
numid=49,iface=MIXER,name='PCM music volume'
numid=5,iface=MIXER,name='FM gain volume'
numid=15,iface=MIXER,name='Phone Out Mixer LOMIX Switch'
numid=18,iface=MIXER,name='Phone Out Mixer MIC1 Boost Switch'
numid=17,iface=MIXER,name='Phone Out Mixer MIC2 Boost Switch'
numid=16,iface=MIXER,name='Phone Out Mixer ROMIX Switch'
numid=48,iface=MIXER,name='Phoneout Speaker Switch'
numid=11,iface=MIXER,name='ADC gain volume'
numid=13,iface=MIXER,name='HPL Mux'
numid=14,iface=MIXER,name='HPR Mux'
numid=4,iface=MIXER,name='LINEIN Mixer volume'
numid=6,iface=MIXER,name='LINEIN gain volume'
numid=28,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer FML Switch'
numid=29,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer LINEINL Switch'
numid=30,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer LINEINLR Switch'
numid=27,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer LOMIX Switch'
numid=32,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer MIC1 Boost Switch'
numid=31,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer MIC2 Boost Switch'
numid=26,iface=MIXER,name='Left Input Mixer ROMIX Switch'
numid=41,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer DACL Switch'
numid=40,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer DACR Switch'
numid=42,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer FML Switch'
numid=43,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer LINEINL Switch'
numid=44,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer LINEINLR Switch'
numid=46,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer MIC1 Boost Switch'
numid=45,iface=MIXER,name='Left Output Mixer MIC2 Boost Switch'
numid=7,iface=MIXER,name='MIC gain volume'
numid=9,iface=MIXER,name='MIC1 boost volume'
numid=12,iface=MIXER,name='MIC2 Mux'
numid=10,iface=MIXER,name='MIC2 boost volume'
numid=21,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer FMR Switch'
numid=23,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer LINEINLR Switch'
numid=22,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer LINEINR Switch'
numid=19,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer LOMIX Switch'
numid=25,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer MIC1 Boost Switch'
numid=24,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer MIC2 Boost Switch'
numid=20,iface=MIXER,name='Right Input Mixer ROMIX Switch'
numid=33,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer DACL Switch'
numid=34,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer DACR Switch'
numid=35,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer FMR Switch'
numid=37,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer LINEINLR Switch'
numid=36,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer LINEINR Switch'
numid=39,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer MIC1 Boost Switch'
numid=38,iface=MIXER,name='Right Output Mixer MIC2 Boost Switch'
numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='codec hub mode'
numid=2,iface=MIXER,name='digital volume'
numid=8,iface=MIXER,name='phoneout volume'