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对象在运行时获取其类型的能力称为内省。内省可以有多种方法实现。
判断对象类型
-(BOOL) isKindOfClass: classObj判断是否是这个类或者这个类的子类的实例
-(BOOL) isMemberOfClass: classObj 判断是否是这个类的实例
我们试试这两个方法的使用。
1、新建Person类继承NSObject,新建Teacher类继承Person
1.1、新建Person类
- #import
<Foundation/Foundation.h> -
- @interface
Person : NSObject - {
-
NSString *name; - }
- -(void)setName:(NSString*)n;
-
- @end
- #import
"Person.h" -
- @implementation
Person - -(void)setName:(NSString
*)n - {
-
name = n; - }
-
- @end
1.2新建Teacher类
- #import
"Person.h" -
- @interface
Teacher : Person -
- -(void)teach;
-
- @end
- #import
"Teacher.h" -
- @implementation
Teacher - -(void)teach
- {
-
NSLog(@"我教数学"); - }
- @end
1.3 我们先实验下isMemberOfClass方法。
- NSAutoreleasePool
*pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; -
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init]; -
Teacher *teacher = [[Teacher alloc] init]; -
-
//YES -
if ([teacher isMemberOfClass:[Teacher class]]) { -
NSLog(@"teacher Teacher类的成员"); -
} -
//NO -
if ([teacher isMemberOfClass:[Person class]]) { -
NSLog(@"teacher Person类的成员"); -
} -
//NO -
if ([teacher isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]]) { -
NSLog(@"teacher NSObject类的成员"); -
} -
[person release]; -
[teacher release]; -
[pool release];
打印结果:
2012-07-04 14:23:07.965 ObjectiveCTest[2460:f803] teacher Teacher类的成员
只有第一个判断打印出来,isMemberOfClass判断是否是属于这类的实例,是否跟父类有关系他不管。
1.4 isMemberOfClass方法
- NSAutoreleasePool
*pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; - Person
*person = [[Person alloc] init]; - Teacher
*teacher = [[Teacher alloc] init]; -
- //YES
- if
([teacher isKindOfClass:[Teacher class]]) { -
NSLog(@"teacher 是 Teacher类或Teacher的子类"); - }
- //YES
- if
([teacher isKindOfClass:[Person class]]) { -
NSLog(@"teacher 是 Person类或Person的子类"); - }
- //YES
- if
([teacher isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]]) { -
NSLog(@"teacher 是 NSObject类或NSObject的子类"); - }
- [person
release]; - [teacher
release]; - [pool
release];
2012-07-04 14:34:17.315 ObjectiveCTest[2595:f803] teacher
2012-07-04 14:34:17.316 ObjectiveCTest[2595:f803] teacher
2012-07-04 14:34:17.316 ObjectiveCTest[2595:f803] teacher
2、
-(BOOL) respondsToSelector: selector 判读实例是否有这样方法 +(BOOL) instancesRespondToSelect
2.1 respondsToSelector的使用
这里不写对象的创建和释放了,参考上面的代码
- //
YES - if
( [teacher respondsToSelector: @selector( setName: )] == YES ) { -
NSLog(@"teacher responds to setSize: method" ); - }
-
- //
NO - if
( [teacher respondsToSelector: @selector( abcde )] == YES ) { -
NSLog(@"teacher responds to nonExistant method" ); - }
-
- //
YES - if
( [Teacher respondsToSelector: @selector( alloc )] == YES ) { -
NSLog(@"teacher class responds to alloc method\n" ); - }
2012-07-04 14:39:49.853 ObjectiveCTest[2723:f803] teacher responds to setSize: method
2012-07-04 14:39:49.854 ObjectiveCTest[2723:f803] teacher class responds to alloc method
中间的那个判断我随便写了个selector,当然没有了。respondsToSelector 检查类方法 alloc返回YES
2.2 instancesRespondToSelect or
- //
NO -
if ( [Person instancesRespondToSelect or: @selector(teach)] == YES ) { -
NSLog(@"Person instance responds to teach method" ); -
} -
-
// YES -
if ( [Teacher instancesRespondToSelect or: @selector(teach)] == YES ) { -
NSLog(@"Teacher instance responds to teach method"); -
} -
// YES -
if ( [Teacher instancesRespondToSelect or: @selector(setName:)] == YES ) { -
NSLog(@"Teacher instance responds to setName: method" ); -
}
- 2012-07-04
14:52:29.378 ObjectiveCTest[2961:f803] Teacher instance responds to teach method - 2012-07-04
14:52:29.379 ObjectiveCTest[2961:f803] Teacher instance responds to setName: method
3、Objective-C的id类型
C++ 使用的是强类型:对象必须符合其类型,否则不能通过编译。在 Objective-C 中,id类型类似于(void*) ,可以指向任何类的实例。而不需要强制转换。
下面看看使用,
先把Teacher类中的 teach方法修改一下,改成
-(void)teach
{
}
然后实现并调用
- NSAutoreleasePool
*pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; - Person
*person = [[Person alloc] init]; - Teacher
*teacher = [[Teacher alloc] init]; -
- id
p = person; - id
t = teacher; - [t
setName:@"张三老师"]; - [t
teach]; -
- [person
release]; - [teacher
release]; - [pool
release];
- 2012-07-04
14:57:55.905 ObjectiveCTest[3085:f803] 张三老师 教数学