Direct3D 最简单的三角形图形显示

 

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: Test.cpp
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "DXUT.h"
#include "SDKmisc.h"
#include "resource.h"
#include "DXUTcamera.h"
ID3DXFont*                 g_pFont = NULL;          //ID3DXFont字体对象
ID3DXSprite*               g_pTextSprite = NULL;    //ID3DXSprite文本精灵对象
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9    g_pVB        = NULL;    //顶点缓冲区对象
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Desc: 顶点结构
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
	FLOAT x, y, z;
	DWORD color;
};
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)  //顶点格式


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Rejects any D3D9 devices that aren't acceptable to the app by returning false
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool CALLBACK IsD3D9DeviceAcceptable( D3DCAPS9* pCaps, D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat, D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat,
                                      bool bWindowed, void* pUserContext )
{
	// No fallback defined by this app, so reject any device that 
	// doesn't support at least ps2.0
	if( pCaps->PixelShaderVersion < D3DPS_VERSION( 2, 0 ) )
		return false;

	// Skip backbuffer formats that don't support alpha blending
	IDirect3D9* pD3D = DXUTGetD3D9Object();
	if( FAILED( pD3D->CheckDeviceFormat( pCaps->AdapterOrdinal, pCaps->DeviceType,
		AdapterFormat, D3DUSAGE_QUERY_POSTPIXELSHADER_BLENDING,
		D3DRTYPE_TEXTURE, BackBufferFormat ) ) )
		return false;


	return true;

    return true;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Before a device is created, modify the device settings as needed
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool CALLBACK ModifyDeviceSettings( DXUTDeviceSettings* pDeviceSettings, void* pUserContext )
{
	
	assert( DXUT_D3D9_DEVICE == pDeviceSettings->ver );

	// Debugging vertex shaders requires either REF or software vertex processing 
	// and debugging pixel shaders requires REF.  
#ifdef DEBUG_VS
	if( pDeviceSettings->d3d9.DeviceType != D3DDEVTYPE_REF )
	{
		pDeviceSettings->d3d9.BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
		pDeviceSettings->d3d9.BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_PUREDEVICE;
		pDeviceSettings->d3d9.BehaviorFlags |= D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
	}
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
	pDeviceSettings->d3d9.DeviceType = D3DDEVTYPE_REF;
#endif

	// For the first device created if its a REF device, optionally display a warning dialog box
	static bool s_bFirstTime = true;
	if( s_bFirstTime )
	{
		s_bFirstTime = false;
		if( pDeviceSettings->d3d9.DeviceType == D3DDEVTYPE_REF )
			DXUTDisplaySwitchingToREFWarning( pDeviceSettings->ver );
	}
	//不采用默认帧率
	pDeviceSettings->d3d9.pp.PresentationInterval=D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
    return true;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create any D3D9 resources that will live through a device reset (D3DPOOL_MANAGED)
// and aren't tied to the back buffer size
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnD3D9CreateDevice( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, const D3DSURFACE_DESC* pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,
                                     void* pUserContext )
{
	HRESULT hr;
	V_RETURN( D3DXCreateFont( pd3dDevice, 15, 0, FW_BOLD, 1, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, 
		OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE, 
		L"Arial", &g_pFont ) );


	CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[] =
	{
		{ -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0xffff0000, },
		{ 0.1f,  0.0f, 1.0f,0xff00ff00, }, 
		{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0xff0000ff, },
	};

	//创建顶点缓冲区
	if( FAILED( pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 3*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
		0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
		D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB, NULL ) ) )
	{
		return E_FAIL;
	}

	//填充顶点缓冲区
	VOID* pVertices;
	if( FAILED( g_pVB->Lock( 0, sizeof(vertices), (void**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) )
		return E_FAIL;
	memcpy( pVertices, vertices, sizeof(vertices) );
	g_pVB->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create any D3D9 resources that won't live through a device reset (D3DPOOL_DEFAULT) 
// or that are tied to the back buffer size 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnD3D9ResetDevice( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, const D3DSURFACE_DESC* pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,
                                    void* pUserContext )
{
	HRESULT hr;

	//恢复字体
	if( g_pFont )
		V_RETURN( g_pFont->OnResetDevice() );

	//创建ID3DXSprite接口对象
	V_RETURN( D3DXCreateSprite( pd3dDevice, &g_pTextSprite ) );

	//设置剔出模式为不剔出任何面(正面和反面)
	pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE );
	//关闭光照处理, 默认情况下启用光照处理
	pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE );

	//Set the transform matrices
         D3DXMATRIXA16 matWorld;
         D3DXMatrixIdentity( &matWorld );
         pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );
        //设置观察矩阵
        D3DXMATRIXA16 matView;
        D3DXVECTOR3 vEyePt( 0.0f, 0.0f,-5.0f);
        D3DXVECTOR3 vLookatPt( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
        D3DXVECTOR3 vUpVec( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
        D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &vEyePt, &vLookatPt, &vUpVec );
        pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );
  
  

   
   
 //设置投影矩阵
 D3DXMATRIXA16 matProj;
 float fAspectRatio = (float)pBackBufferSurfaceDesc->Width / pBackBufferSurfaceDesc->Height;
 D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DX_PI/2, fAspectRatio, 0.1f, 100.0f );
 pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
  
  
    return S_OK;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle updates to the scene.  This is called regardless of which D3D API is used
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnFrameMove( double fTime, float fElapsedTime, void* pUserContext )
{
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Desc: 渲染文本
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void RenderText()
{
	CDXUTTextHelper txtHelper( g_pFont, g_pTextSprite, 15 );

	//显示当前Direct3D设备状态和渲染帧速率
	txtHelper.Begin();
	txtHelper.SetInsertionPos( 5, 5 );
	txtHelper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) );
	txtHelper.DrawTextLine( DXUTGetFrameStats(true) );
	txtHelper.DrawTextLine( DXUTGetDeviceStats() );
	txtHelper.End();
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render the scene using the D3D9 device
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnD3D9FrameRender( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, double fTime, float fElapsedTime, void* pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT hr;

    // Clear the render target and the zbuffer 
    V( pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_ARGB( 0, 45, 50, 170 ), 1.0f, 0 ) );

    // Render the scene
    if( SUCCEEDED( pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )
    {
		DXUT_BeginPerfEvent( DXUT_PERFEVENTCOLOR, L"HUD / Stats" ); 
		RenderText();
		DXUT_EndPerfEvent();

		pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
		pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );
		pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1 );


        V( pd3dDevice->EndScene() );
    }
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle messages to the application 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam,
                          bool* pbNoFurtherProcessing, void* pUserContext )
{
    return 0;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release D3D9 resources created in the OnD3D9ResetDevice callback 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnD3D9LostDevice( void* pUserContext )
{
	if( g_pFont )
		g_pFont->OnLostDevice();
	SAFE_RELEASE( g_pTextSprite );
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release D3D9 resources created in the OnD3D9CreateDevice callback 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnD3D9DestroyDevice( void* pUserContext )
{
	SAFE_RELEASE( g_pFont );
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize the app 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void InitApp()
{

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize everything and go into a render loop
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INT WINAPI wWinMain( HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPWSTR, int )
{
    // Enable run-time memory check for debug builds.
#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)
    _CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
#endif

    // Set the callback functions
    DXUTSetCallbackD3D9DeviceAcceptable( IsD3D9DeviceAcceptable );
    DXUTSetCallbackD3D9DeviceCreated( OnD3D9CreateDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackD3D9DeviceReset( OnD3D9ResetDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackD3D9FrameRender( OnD3D9FrameRender );
    DXUTSetCallbackD3D9DeviceLost( OnD3D9LostDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackD3D9DeviceDestroyed( OnD3D9DestroyDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceChanging( ModifyDeviceSettings );
    DXUTSetCallbackMsgProc( MsgProc );
    DXUTSetCallbackFrameMove( OnFrameMove );

    // TODO: Perform any application-level initialization here
	InitApp();
    // Initialize DXUT and create the desired Win32 window and Direct3D device for the application
    DXUTInit( true, true ); // Parse the command line and show msgboxes
    DXUTSetHotkeyHandling( true, true, true );  // handle the default hotkeys
    DXUTSetCursorSettings( true, true ); // Show the cursor and clip it when in full screen
    DXUTCreateWindow( L"Test" );
    DXUTCreateDevice( true, 640, 480 );

    // Start the render loop
    DXUTMainLoop();

    // TODO: Perform any application-level cleanup here

    return DXUTGetExitCode();
}

1、Direct3D中的一个面有正面和背面两部分，默认情况下，在渲染中只画正面，而剔除背面，在本例中因为三角形是安装逆时针绘制的，所以正面朝里。所以正常情况下

三个顶点是按照顺时针方向指定的。假如不是这样，那么法线方向将是相反的。Direct3D中法线的计算方式如下：

void ComputeNormal(D3DXVECTOR3* p0,
D3DXVECTOR3* p1,
D3DXVECTOR3* p2,
D3DXVECTOR3* out)
{
D3DXVECTOR3 u = *p1 - *p0;
D3DXVECTOR3 v = *p2 - *p0;
D3DXVec3Cross(out, &u, &v);
D3DXVec3Normalize(out, out);
}

在本例中因为是逆时针绘制的，所以正面朝里，需要设置：

//设置剔出模式为不剔出任何面(正面和反面)

pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE );

关于正面背面参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/graphics/archive/2010/11/21/1883139.html

2、默认世界矩阵为单位矩阵

3、默认观察矩阵
D3DXMATRIXA16 matView;
D3DXVECTOR3 vEyePt( 0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 vLookatPt( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
D3DXVECTOR3 vUpVec( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &vEyePt, &vLookatPt, &vUpVec );
pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );

4、默认投影矩阵应该是正交矩阵

5、在默认情况下，Direct3D将当前的整个窗口做为绘图区域，即将整个窗口做为视区，所以一般情况下，不需要设置视口信息，而使用默认设置。