Ubuntu 16.10开始不再使用initd管理系统,改用systemd,包括用systemctl命令来替换了service和chkconfig的功能。比如以前启动mysql服务用sudo service mysql start,现在用sudo systemctl start mysqld.service。systemd 默认读取 /etc/systemd/system 下的配置文件,该目录下的文件会链接/lib/systemd/system/下的文件。
创建开机启动服务
执行命令ls /lib/systemd/system
可以看到很多启动脚本,其中就有我们需要的rc.local.service
,打开脚本内容如下
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
#
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This unit gets pulled automatically into multi-user.target by
# systemd-rc-local-generator if /etc/rc.local is executable.
[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility
Documentation=man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)
ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.local
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=yes
GuessMainPID=no
一般启动文件需要三个组成部分
[Unit]段: 启动顺序与依赖关系
[Service] 段: 启动行为,如何启动,启动类型
[Install] 段: 定义如何安装这个配置文件,即怎样做到开机启动
上面少了[Install] 段,把下面Install段添上去
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service
Ubuntu 18.04 默认是没有 /etc/rc.local 这个文件的,需要自己创建
sudo touch /etc/rc.local
前面我们说 systemd 默认读取 /etc/systemd/system 下的配置文件, 所以还需要在 /etc/systemd/system 目录下创建软链接
sudo ln -s /lib/systemd/system/rc.local.service /etc/systemd/system/
修改MAC加入开机启动项
- 修改/etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh -e
sudo ifconfig eth0 down
sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether B4:B6:86:02:BE:04
sudo ifconfig eth0 up
exit 0
- 给rc.local加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local
- 启动服务并检查服务状态
sudo systemctl enable rc-local
sudo systemctl start rc-local.service
sudo systemctl status rc-local.service